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In apicomplexan parasites, most known kinetochore components and associated regulators are apparently missing, suggesting a minimal structure with limited control over chromosome segregation. In this study, we use interactomics combined with deep homology searches to identify 13 previously unknown components of kinetochores in Apicomplexa. Apicomplexan kinetochores are highly divergent in sequence and composition from animal and fungal models. The nanoscale organization includes at least four discrete compartments, each displaying different biochemical interactions, subkinetochore localizations and evolutionary rates across the phylum. We reveal alignment of kinetochores at the metaphase plate in both Plasmodium berghei and Toxoplasma gondii, suggestive of a conserved \u201chold signal\u201d that prevents precocious entry into anaphase. Finally, we show unexpected plasticity in kinetochore composition and segregation between apicomplexan lifecycle stages, suggestive of diverse requirements to maintain fidelity of chromosome segregation across parasite modes of division.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.202111084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,16]],"date-time":"2022-07-16T02:21:19Z","timestamp":1657938079000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Composition and organization of kinetochores show plasticity in apicomplexan chromosome segregation"],"prefix":"10.1083","volume":"221","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7080-566X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Brusini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1959-194X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Dos Santos Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3540-7727","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eelco C.","family":"Tromer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Biochemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4156-2109","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dominique","family":"Soldati-Favre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3911-5537","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mathieu","family":"Brochet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072122431524100_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1966.15.449","article-title":"The fine structure of the erythrocytic stages of three avian malarial parasites, Plasmodium fallax, P. lophurae, and P. cathemerium","volume":"15","author":"Aikawa","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am. 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