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COs are essential for accurate chromosome segregation during the first meiotic division, and errors in this process result in aneuploidy, birth defects, or infertility. Such errors are more pronounced in females compared with males, indicating that CO regulation and surveillance are sexually dimorphic. We demonstrate here dual roles of cyclin N-terminal domain containing 1 (CNTD1) in ensuring appropriate CO between homologous chromosomes in oocytes and in establishing the pool of follicles in the postnatal ovary. CNTD1-deficient oocytes fail to form COs and exhibit a severely depleted follicle pool shortly after birth, which is temporally distinct from previously reported CO mutants. Further investigation indicates that follicle loss is CHK2-dependent, resulting from inappropriate retention of HORMAD1 and the absence of SKP1. These findings indicate that CNTD1 plays novel roles in CO designation and establishment of the follicular reserve in female mammals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.202401021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T04:43:25Z","timestamp":1747716205000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["CNTD1 is crucial for crossover formation in female meiosis and for establishing the ovarian reserve"],"prefix":"10.1083","volume":"224","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9533-3649","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna J.","family":"Wood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bnh6r87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cornell University 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center (CoRe), , Ithaca, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3927-5638","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rania M.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bnh6r87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cornell University 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center (CoRe), , Ithaca, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3129-019X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leah E.","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bnh6r87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cornell University 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center (CoRe), , Ithaca, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2013-4825","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rachel A.","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bnh6r87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cornell University 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center (CoRe), , Ithaca, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1483-560X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stephen","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ee9ar58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Nottingham 2 School of Life Sciences, ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7734-558X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ian D.","family":"Wolff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bnh6r87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cornell University 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center (CoRe), , Ithaca, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2050-6979","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paula E.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bnh6r87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cornell University 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center (CoRe), , Ithaca, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025060909195620400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37408-w","article-title":"A-MYB and BRDT-dependent RNA Polymerase II pause release orchestrates transcriptional regulation in mammalian meiosis","volume":"14","author":"Alexander","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. 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