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Mammals are unable to synthesize folate de novo, and folate deficiency can result from several causes, including restricted dietary intake, genetic defects in folate absorption and its metabolism, and exposure to antimetabolite drugs. The link between depletion of folates and genetic instability has long been the subject of research and is implicated in the pathogenesis of human diseases associated with folate deficiency. In this review, we will discuss the different genotoxic mechanisms arising from folate deficiency and the impact on genome stability. Increasing our understanding of this topic is crucial for interpreting possible links between genetic instability downstream of folate stress and the healthcare impact of folate deficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.202502205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T06:21:04Z","timestamp":1753770064000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Mechanisms of genome instability from cellular folate stress"],"prefix":"10.1083","volume":"224","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9902-7040","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christopher","family":"Mellor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bnh6r87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cornell University 1 Division of Nutritional Sciences, , Ithaca, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9605-4710","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elisabeth A.","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bnh6r87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cornell University 1 Division of Nutritional Sciences, , Ithaca, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1573-0255","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Meng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bnh6r87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cornell University 1 Division of Nutritional Sciences, , Ithaca, NY,","place":["USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bnh6r87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University 2 , Ithaca, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025081809484584500_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03477-4","article-title":"Somatic mutation landscapes at single-molecule resolution","volume":"593","author":"Abascal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025081809484584500_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1007\/s12263-015-0480-4","article-title":"Low fruit consumption and folate deficiency are associated with LINE-1 hypomethylation in women of a cancer-free population","volume":"10","author":"Agodi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genes Nutr."},{"key":"2025081809484584500_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12477","article-title":"Signatures of mutational processes in human cancer","volume":"500","author":"Alexandrov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025081809484584500_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00205077","article-title":"Hypomethylation of classical satellite DNA and chromosome instability in lymphoblastoid cell lines","volume":"91","author":"Almeida","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hum. 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