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Here, we show that direct ASO engagement with a scavenger receptor (CD44) activates the ERK-RSK axis to promote serine phosphorylation of a receptor tyrosine kinase (EPHA2). Serine phosphorylation of EPHA2 permits endocytosis, trafficking, and accumulation of ASOs in nuclear-captured endosomes. These endosomes are then subject to lipid peroxidation and become leaky, allowing ASOs to escape and effectively suppress target mRNA expression. Inhibition of stress granule-mediated repair of these leaky endosomes further enhances ASO effectiveness. These data identify an endocytic route to the nucleus which may be exploited to maximize the effectiveness of ASO-mediated therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.202507217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T06:21:20Z","timestamp":1780726880000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["EPHA2\/CD44-directed trafficking enhances endosomal leakiness and antisense therapy delivery"],"prefix":"10.1083","volume":"225","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9747-0388","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sergi","family":"Marco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03pv69j64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute 1 , Glasgow,","place":["UK"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00vtgdb53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow 2 , Glasgow,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6980-9251","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peter J.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03pv69j64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute 1 , Glasgow,","place":["UK"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00vtgdb53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow 2 , Glasgow,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4863-362X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexey S.","family":"Revenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00t8bew53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc. 3 , Carlsbad, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7230-1214","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tobias","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03pv69j64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute 1 , Glasgow,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3104-8392","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peter A.","family":"Thomason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03pv69j64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute 1 , Glasgow,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7055-2615","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lynn","family":"McGarry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03pv69j64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute 1 , Glasgow,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9381-7927","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"A. 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