{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T06:59:59Z","timestamp":1779346799555,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Bcl-2 family members either promote or repress programmed cell death. Bax, a death-promoting member, is a pore-forming, mitochondria-associated protein whose mechanism of action is still unknown. During apoptosis, cytochrome C is released from the mitochondria into the cytosol where it binds to APAF-1, a mammalian homologue of Ced-4, and participates in the activation of caspases. The release of cytochrome C has been postulated to be a consequence of the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP). We now report that Bax is sufficient to trigger the release of cytochrome C from isolated mitochondria. This pathway is distinct from the previously described calcium-inducible, cyclosporin A\u2013sensitive PTP. Rather, the cytochrome C release induced by Bax is facilitated by Mg2+ and cannot be blocked by PTP inhibitors. These results strongly suggest the existence of two distinct mechanisms leading to cytochrome C release: one stimulated by calcium and inhibited by cyclosporin A, the other Bax dependent, Mg2+ sensitive but cyclosporin insensitive.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.143.1.217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T16:47:50Z","timestamp":1027702070000},"page":"217-224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":529,"title":["Bax-induced Cytochrome C Release from Mitochondria Is Independent of the Permeability Transition Pore but Highly Dependent on Mg2+ Ions"],"prefix":"10.1083","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Eskes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Serono Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland; and \u2021\u2009ETH Laboratory of Biochemistry, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Antonsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Serono Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland; 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