{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:06:18Z","timestamp":1762520778108},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,5,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Antibody responses against antibodies, such as rheumatoid factors, are found in several immunopathological diseases and may play a role in disease pathogenesis. Experience shows that they are usually difficult to induce experimentally. Antibodies specific for immunoglobulin constant regions (anti-allotypic) or for variable regions (anti-idiotypic) have been investigated in animal models; the latter have even been postulated to regulate antibody and T cell responses via network-like interactions. Why and how such anti-antibodies are induced during autoimmune diseases, has remained largely unclear. Because repetitively arranged epitopes in a paracrystalline structure of a viral envelope cross-link B cell receptors efficiently to induce a prompt T-independent IgM response, this study used immune complexes containing viruses or bacteria to evaluate the role of antigen pattern for induction of anti-antibody responses. We present evidence that antibodies bound to strictly ordered, but not to irregularly arranged, antigens dramatically enhance induction of anti-antibodies, already after a single immunization and without using adjuvants. The results indicate a novel link between anti-antibody responses and infectious agents, and suggest a similar role for repetitive self-antigens such as DNA or collagen involved in chronic immunopathological diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.10.1785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T16:49:30Z","timestamp":1027702170000},"page":"1785-1792","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Role of Repetitive Antigen Patterns for Induction of Antibodies Against Antibodies"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Fehr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Z\u00fcrich, CH-8091 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland; \u2021Novartis Pharma AG, S-386.110, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; and the \u00a7Swiss Serum and Vaccine Institute, Department of Immunology, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Martin F.","family":"Bachmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Z\u00fcrich, CH-8091 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland; \u2021Novartis Pharma AG, S-386.110, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; and the \u00a7Swiss Serum and Vaccine Institute, Department of Immunology, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Etienne","family":"Bucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Z\u00fcrich, CH-8091 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland; \u2021Novartis Pharma AG, S-386.110, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; and the \u00a7Swiss Serum and Vaccine Institute, Department of Immunology, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Kalinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Z\u00fcrich, CH-8091 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland; \u2021Novartis Pharma AG, S-386.110, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; and the \u00a7Swiss Serum and Vaccine Institute, Department of Immunology, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Franco E. Di","family":"Padova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Z\u00fcrich, CH-8091 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland; \u2021Novartis Pharma AG, S-386.110, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; and the \u00a7Swiss Serum and Vaccine Institute, Department of Immunology, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Alois B.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Z\u00fcrich, CH-8091 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland; \u2021Novartis Pharma AG, S-386.110, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; and the \u00a7Swiss Serum and Vaccine Institute, Department of Immunology, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Hengartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Z\u00fcrich, CH-8091 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland; \u2021Novartis Pharma AG, S-386.110, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; and the \u00a7Swiss Serum and Vaccine Institute, Department of Immunology, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Rolf M.","family":"Zinkernagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Z\u00fcrich, CH-8091 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland; \u2021Novartis Pharma AG, S-386.110, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; and the \u00a7Swiss Serum and Vaccine Institute, Department of Immunology, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072507015712000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.161.1.242","article-title":"Immune complexes can trigger specific, T cell\u2013dependent, autoanti-IgG antibody production in mice","volume":"161","author":"Nemazee","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2023072507015712000_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.161.1.88","article-title":"Rheumatoid factor (RF) production during anamnestic immune responses in the mouse. 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