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The survival kinase PKB\/Akt was highly activated in Pten-deficient splenic B cells. In addition, immunoglobulin class switch recombination was defective and induction of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) was impaired. Thus, Pten plays a role in developmental fate determination of B cells and is an indispensable regulator of B cell homeostasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,3]],"date-time":"2003-03-03T13:44:12Z","timestamp":1046699052000},"page":"657-667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":193,"title":["Critical Roles of Pten in B Cell Homeostasis and Immunoglobulin Class Switch Recombination"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"197","author":[{"given":"Akira","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Disease, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"},{"name":"3Department of Biochemistry, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan"},{"name":"8Advanced Medical Discovery Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C1, Canada"}]},{"given":"Tsuneyasu","family":"Kaisho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Disease, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"},{"name":"4RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan"}]},{"given":"Minako","family":"Ohishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Disease, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}]},{"given":"Manae","family":"Tsukio-Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Disease, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Tsubata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan"}]},{"given":"Pandelakis A.","family":"Koni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Molecular Immunology Program, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912"}]},{"given":"Takehiko","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 113-8613, Japan"},{"name":"8Advanced Medical Discovery Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C1, Canada"}]},{"given":"Tak Wah","family":"Mak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8Advanced Medical Discovery Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C1, Canada"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Disease, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072511523383300_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5308.1943","volume":"275","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2023072511523383300_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0597-64","volume":"16","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat. 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