{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T02:54:47Z","timestamp":1776308087174,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Transforming growth factor (TGF)-\u03b21 is a major pluripotential cytokine with a pronounced immunosuppressive effect and its deficiency results in lethal autoimmunity in mice. However, mechanisms of its immunosuppressive action are not completely understood. Here, we report that TGF-\u03b21 supports the maintenance of Foxp3 expression, regulatory function, and homeostasis in peripheral CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (T reg) cells, but is not required for their thymic development. We found that in 8\u201310-d-old TGF-\u03b21\u2013deficient mice, peripheral, but not thymic, T reg cells are significantly reduced in numbers. Moreover, our experiments suggest that a defect in TGF-\u03b2\u2013mediated signaling in T reg cells is associated with a decrease in Foxp3 expression and suppressor activity. Thus, our results establish an essential link between TGF-\u03b21 signaling in peripheral T reg cells and T reg cell maintenance in vivo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20042276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,4]],"date-time":"2005-04-04T14:57:38Z","timestamp":1112626658000},"page":"1061-1067","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":799,"title":["TGF-\u03b21 maintains suppressor function and Foxp3 expression in CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"201","author":[{"given":"Julien C.","family":"Marie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Letterio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Laboratory of Cell Regulation and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Gavin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195"}]},{"given":"Alexander Y.","family":"Rudensky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195"},{"name":"2Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072512574929700_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2001.1820102.x","volume":"182","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunol. 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