{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T06:29:35Z","timestamp":1773556175068,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Efficient maintenance of memory CD8 T cells is central to long-term protective immunity. IL-7\u2013 and IL-15\u2013driven homeostatic proliferation is essential for long-term memory CD8 T cell persistence after acute infections. During chronic infections, however, virus-specific CD8 T cells respond poorly to these cytokines. Yet, virus-specific CD8 T cells often persist for long periods of time during chronic infections. We have addressed this apparent paradox by examining the mechanism for maintaining virus-specific CD8 T cells during chronic infection. We find that homeostatic cytokines (e.g., IL-7\/15), inflammatory signals, and priming of recent thymic emigrants are not sufficient to maintain virus-specific CD8 T cells over time during chronic infection. Rather, our results demonstrate that viral peptide is required for virus-specific CD8 T cell persistence during chronic infection. Moreover, this viral antigen-dependent maintenance results in a dramatically different type of T cell division than is normally observed during memory T cell homeostasis. Rather than undergoing slow, steady homeostatic turnover during chronic viral infection, CD8 T cells undergo extensive peptide-dependent division, yet cell numbers remain relatively stable. These results indicate that antigen-specific CD8 T cell responses during persisting infection are maintained by a mechanism distinct from that after acute infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,9]],"date-time":"2007-04-09T20:35:49Z","timestamp":1176150949000},"page":"941-949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":215,"title":["Viral antigen and extensive division maintain virus-specific CD8 T cells during chronic infection"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"204","author":[{"given":"Haina","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Immunology Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shawn D.","family":"Blackburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Immunology Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph N.","family":"Blattman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. 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