{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T19:49:41Z","timestamp":1793821781062,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Serum samples from patients with meningococcal disease were examined for the presence of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and LPS. Median serum concentration of IL-6 was 1,000 times higher in patients with septic shock (189 ng\/ml) than in patients with bacteriaemia, meningitis, or combined septic shock and meningitis. 11 of 21 patients with serum levels greater than 3.0 ng\/ml died, whereas all 58 patients with serum levels at less than or equal to 3.0 ng\/ml, survived. All four patients with serum IL-6 levels greater than 750 ng\/ml, died. IL-1 was detected in serum from three patients who also had high serum levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and LPS, and rapidly fatal courses. IL-6 appeared to be released into serum later than TNF-alpha, and was detected in serum for up to 36 h. The half-life of IL-6 and TNF-alpha was calculated to be 103 +\/- 27 min and 70 +\/- 11 min, respectively. These data indicate that a complex pattern of cytokines exists in serum from patients with meningococcal septic shock, and that the release of IL-6 and IL-1, in addition to TNF-alpha, is associated with fatal outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.169.1.333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,24]],"date-time":"2004-06-24T07:56:10Z","timestamp":1088063770000},"page":"333-338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":894,"title":["The complex pattern of cytokines in serum from patients with meningococcal septic shock. Association between interleukin 6, interleukin 1, and fatal outcome."],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"169","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Waage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cancer Research, University of Trondheim, Norway."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Brandtzaeg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cancer Research, University of Trondheim, Norway."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Halstensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cancer Research, University of Trondheim, Norway."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Kierulf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cancer Research, University of Trondheim, Norway."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Espevik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cancer Research, University of Trondheim, Norway."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,1,1]]},"container-title":["The Journal of experimental medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article-pdf\/169\/1\/333\/1669430\/333.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article-pdf\/169\/1\/333\/1669430\/333.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T01:27:41Z","timestamp":1690248461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article\/169\/1\/333\/24157\/The-complex-pattern-of-cytokines-in-serum-from"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,1,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.169.1.333","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1007","1540-9538"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1007","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-9538","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,1,1]]}}}