{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T16:03:26Z","timestamp":1782144206587,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This report describes a murine amniotic fluid (MAF) immunosuppressive factor that has properties similar to transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). The MAF factor exhibits TGF-beta-like activity in stimulating soft agar colony formation by AKR-2B cells and inhibiting thymidine uptake by Mv1Lu cells. We demonstrate that both the immunosuppressive and TGF-beta-like activities of the MAF factor are completely neutralized by anti-TGF-beta 2-specific antibodies and not by anti-TGF-beta 1-specific antisera. The immunosuppressive factor in MAF is novel in that it appears to be identical or very closely related to TGF-beta 2 and is active in its native state. This active and anti-TGF-beta 2-neutralizable factor chromatographs at approximately 70 kD on Sephadex at neutral pH and appears to be able to complex with alpha-fetoprotein in native amniotic fluid. Chromatography of native MAF under acidic conditions demonstrates a lower molecular mass protein that chromatographs on BioGel in the same position as the mature 25-kD TGF-beta. This protein has the biological properties of TGF-beta and is immunosuppressive. Both of these activities are neutralizable with anti-TGF-beta 2 but not with anti-TGF-beta 1 or other antisera. By Northern analysis, we find high levels of TGF-beta 2 mRNA (with little or no TGF-beta 1) in the pregnant uterus that peak around day 15 of gestation and then fall rapidly by day 19 as birth approaches. The TGF-beta 2-like factor could possibly play a role in maternal immunity, in the retention of the fetal allograft, as well as in regulating fetal and neonatal immunological competence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.172.5.1391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,24]],"date-time":"2004-06-24T07:56:10Z","timestamp":1088063770000},"page":"1391-1401","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["A transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-beta 2)-like immunosuppressive factor in amniotic fluid and localization of TGF-beta 2 mRNA in the pregnant uterus."],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"172","author":[{"given":"D J","family":"Altman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S L","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D A","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H L","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T B","family":"Tomasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,11,1]]},"container-title":["The Journal of experimental medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article-pdf\/172\/5\/1391\/1895518\/1391.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article-pdf\/172\/5\/1391\/1895518\/1391.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]],"date-time":"2023-07-29T15:02:58Z","timestamp":1690642978000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article\/172\/5\/1391\/24303\/A-transforming-growth-factor-beta-2-TGF-beta-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,11,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.172.5.1391","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1007","1540-9538"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1007","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-9538","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,11,1]]}}}