{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T12:48:32Z","timestamp":1791118112321,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), in addition to being cytotoxic for certain tumor cells, has turned out as a multifunctional cytokine that is involved in the regulation of immunity and inflammation. Since human keratinocytes have been demonstrated to be a potent source of various cytokines, it was investigated whether epidermal cells synthesize and release TNF-alpha. Supernatants derived from normal human keratinocytes (HNK) and human epidermoid carcinoma cell lines (KB, A431) were tested both in a TNF-alpha-specific ELISA and a bioassay. In supernatants of untreated epidermal cells, no or minimal TNF-alpha activity was found, while after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or ultraviolet (UV) light, significant amounts were detected. Western blot analysis using an antibody directed against human TNF-alpha revealed a molecular mass of 17 kD for keratinocyte-derived TNF-alpha. These biological and biochemical data were also confirmed by Northern blot analysis revealing mRNA specific for TNF-alpha in LPS- or ultraviolet B (UVB)-treated HNK and KB cells. In addition, increased TNF-alpha levels were detected in the serum obtained from human volunteers 12 and 24 h after a single total body UVB exposure, which caused a severe sunburn reaction. These findings indicate that keratinocytes upon stimulation are able to synthesize and release TNF-alpha, which may gain access to the circulation. Thus, TNF-alpha in concert with other epidermal cell-derived cytokines may mediate local and systemic inflammatory reactions during host defense against injurious events caused by microbial agents or UV irradiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.172.6.1609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,24]],"date-time":"2004-06-24T07:56:10Z","timestamp":1088063770000},"page":"1609-1614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":574,"title":["Human keratinocytes are a source for tumor necrosis factor alpha: evidence for synthesis and release upon stimulation with endotoxin or ultraviolet light."],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"172","author":[{"given":"A","family":"K\u00f6ck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology II, University of Vienna, Austria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology II, University of Vienna, Austria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Kirnbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology II, University of Vienna, Austria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Urbanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology II, University of Vienna, Austria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology II, University of Vienna, Austria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J C","family":"Ansel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology II, University of Vienna, Austria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T A","family":"Luger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology II, University of Vienna, Austria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,12,1]]},"container-title":["The Journal of experimental medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article-pdf\/172\/6\/1609\/1671603\/1609.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article-pdf\/172\/6\/1609\/1671603\/1609.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T01:51:15Z","timestamp":1690249875000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article\/172\/6\/1609\/24776\/Human-keratinocytes-are-a-source-for-tumor"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,12,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.172.6.1609","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1007","1540-9538"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1007","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-9538","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,12,1]]}}}