{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T22:00:37Z","timestamp":1790978437196,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Freshly isolated B lymphocytes from patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), in contrast to B cells from normal controls, were shown to induce viral expression in two cell lines: ACH-2, a T cell line, and U1, a promonocytic cell line, which are chronically infected with HIV, as well as in autologous T cells. In 10 out of 10 HIV-infected individuals with hypergammaglobulinemia, spontaneous HIV-inductive capacity was found with highly purified peripheral blood B cells, whereas peripheral blood or tonsillar B cells from six healthy, HIV-negative donors did not induce HIV expression unless the cells were stimulated in vitro. The induction of HIV expression was observed in direct coculture experiments of B lymphocytes and HIV-infected cells, and could also be mediated by supernatants from cultures of B cells. Significantly higher amounts of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) were detected in the B cell culture supernatants from HIV-infected patients with hypergammaglobulinemia (IL-6: mean = 536 pg\/ml; TNF-alpha: mean = 493 pg\/ml), as compared with normal uninfected controls (IL-6: mean = 18 pg\/ml; TNF-alpha: mean = 23 pg\/ml). Antibodies against these cytokines abolished the HIV-inductive capacity of B cells. We conclude that in vivo activated B cells in HIV-infected individuals can upregulate the expression of virus in infected cells by secreting cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-6, and, therefore, may play a role in the progression of HIV infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.173.1.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,24]],"date-time":"2004-06-24T07:56:10Z","timestamp":1088063770000},"page":"1-5","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Activated B lymphocytes from human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals induce virus expression in infected T cells and a promonocytic cell line, U1."],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"173","author":[{"given":"P","family":"Rieckmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Poli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J H","family":"Kehrl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A S","family":"Fauci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,1,1]]},"container-title":["The Journal of experimental medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article-pdf\/173\/1\/1\/1840470\/1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article-pdf\/173\/1\/1\/1840470\/1.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T21:03:47Z","timestamp":1690578227000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article\/173\/1\/1\/24348\/Activated-B-lymphocytes-from-human"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,1,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.173.1.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1007","1540-9538"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1007","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-9538","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,1,1]]}}}