{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T07:33:12Z","timestamp":1791099192197,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The cytokine interleukin (IL) 12 stimulates T cell and natural killer cell production of interferon (IFN) gamma and inhibits T cell production of IL-4. We investigated the effects of IL-12 on cytokine gene expression, immunoglobulin (Ig)E, mucosal mast cell, and eosinophil responses, and the course of infection in mice inoculated with the nematode parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, as well as the IFN-gamma dependence of these effects. IL-12 stimulated IFN-gamma and IL-10 gene expression during primary and secondary N. brasiliensis infections and inhibited IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-9 gene expression during primary infections but had little inhibitory effect during secondary infections. IL-12 inhibited IgE, mucosal mast cell, and blood and tissue eosinophil responses during primary infections, but only eosinophil responses during secondary infections. IL-12 enhanced adult worm survival and egg production during primary, but not secondary infections. IL-12 needed to be administered by day 4 of a primary infection to inhibit IgE and mucosal mast cell responses, and by day 6 to strongly inhibit eosinophil responses and to enhance worm survival and fecundity. Anti-IFN-gamma mAb inhibited the effects of IL-12 on IgE secretion, intestinal mucosal mastocytosis, and parasite survival and fecundity, but did not affect IL-12 inhibition of eosinophilia. These observations indicate that IL-12, if administered during the initiation of eosinophilia. These observations indicate that IL-12, if administered during the initiation of an immune response, can change the response from one that is characterized by the production of T helper (Th)2-associated cytokines to one characterized by the production of Th-1 associated cytokines. However, IL-12 treatment has less of an effect once the production of Th2-associated cytokines has become established. In addition, our results provide evidence that Th2-associated responses protect against, and\/or Th1-associated responses exacerbate, nematode infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.5.1563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,24]],"date-time":"2004-06-24T07:56:10Z","timestamp":1088063770000},"page":"1563-1572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":194,"title":["Effects of interleukin 12 on immune responses and host protection in mice infected with intestinal nematode parasites."],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"179","author":[{"given":"F D","family":"Finkelman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K B","family":"Madden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A W","family":"Cheever","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I M","family":"Katona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S C","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M K","family":"Gately","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B R","family":"Hubbard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W C","family":"Gause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"J F","family":"Urban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,5,1]]},"container-title":["The Journal of experimental medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article-pdf\/179\/5\/1563\/1675620\/1563.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article-pdf\/179\/5\/1563\/1675620\/1563.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T05:58:03Z","timestamp":1690264683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article\/179\/5\/1563\/25079\/Effects-of-interleukin-12-on-immune-responses-and"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,5,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.179.5.1563","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1007","1540-9538"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1007","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-9538","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,5,1]]}}}