{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:33:32Z","timestamp":1791318812664,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We analyzed at clonal level the functional profile of circulating or skin-infiltrating T lymphocytes from two individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), suffering from a Job's-like syndrome (eczematous dermatitis, recurrent skin and sinopulmonary infections, and hypergammaglobulinemia E) and showing virtually no circulating CD4+ T cells. Most of the CD3+ T cell clones generated from both patients were CD4- CD8+ TCR alpha beta +. The others were CD4- CD8- TCR alpha beta + which exhibited reduced mRNA expression for the CD8 molecule or no mRNA expression for either CD4 or CD8 molecules. The great majority of both CD4- CD8+ and CD4- CD8- did not produce interferon (IFN) gamma and exhibited reduced cytolytic activity. Rather, most of them produced large amounts of both interleukin (IL) 4 and IL-5 and provided B cell helper function for IgE synthesis. These data suggest that a switch of cytolytic CD8+ T cells showing a Th1-like cytokine secretion profile to cells that make Th2-type cytokines, exhibit reduced cytolytic potential, and provide B cell helper function can occur in the course of HIV-1 infection. These cells may contribute to the reduced defense against viral infections and intracellular parasites and account for the elevated IgE serum levels, eosinophilia, and the allergic-like clinical manifestations seen in a proportion of HIV-1-infected individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.2.489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,24]],"date-time":"2004-06-24T07:56:10Z","timestamp":1088063770000},"page":"489-495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":196,"title":["Th2-like CD8+ T cells showing B cell helper function and reduced cytolytic activity in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection."],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"180","author":[{"given":"E","family":"Maggi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Florence, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M G","family":"Giudizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Florence, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Biagiotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Florence, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Annunziato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Florence, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Manetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Florence, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M P","family":"Piccinni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Florence, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Parronchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Florence, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Sampognaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Florence, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Giannarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Florence, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Zuccati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Florence, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Romagnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Florence, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,8,1]]},"container-title":["The Journal of experimental medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article-pdf\/180\/2\/489\/1676294\/489.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article-pdf\/180\/2\/489\/1676294\/489.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T06:24:14Z","timestamp":1690266254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article\/180\/2\/489\/50771\/Th2-like-CD8-T-cells-showing-B-cell-helper"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,8,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.180.2.489","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1007","1540-9538"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1007","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-9538","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,8,1]]}}}