{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T19:35:23Z","timestamp":1791056123074,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>When administered at or near the initiation of experimental intracellular infection caused by Leishmania major, Toxoplasma gondii, or Cryptococcus neoformans, treatment with the immuno-regulatory cytokine interleukin 12 (IL-12), induces protective antimicrobial activity. In contrast, once infections are established, IL-12 exerts considerably less or no effect in the face of a suppressive Th2 cell-associated response (L. major) or rapidly progressive fatal infection (T. gondii). To test the efficacy of IL-12 in an established intracellular protozoal infection but under quite different immunologic conditions (Th1 cell response, acquired resistance), L. donovani-infected BALB\/c mice were treated starting 2 wk after challenge coincident with the onset of the Th1 cell response. In this environment, 7 d of IL-12 treatment reduced liver parasite burdens by 47%, an effect comparable to that induced by exogenous interferon (IFN) gamma. The in vivo mechanism responsive to IL-12 was complex, and required both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as natural killer cells and the action of multiple endogenous antileishmanial cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-2, tumor necrosis factor alpha). Early treatment with IL-12 before the expression of the Th1 cell response was also effective and induced an accelerated, near-cure response via an IFN-gamma-dependent mechanism. These results extend the antimicrobial-inducing capacity of IL-12 beyond prophylaxis by indicating that IL-12 can exert clear-cut therapeutic activity in an established intracellular infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.181.1.387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,24]],"date-time":"2004-06-24T07:56:10Z","timestamp":1088063770000},"page":"387-391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Interleukin 12 is effective treatment for an established systemic intracellular infection: experimental visceral leishmaniasis."],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"181","author":[{"given":"H W","family":"Murray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Cornell University Medical College, New York 10021."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Hariprashad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Cornell University Medical College, New York 10021."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,1]]},"container-title":["The Journal of experimental medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article-pdf\/181\/1\/387\/1677450\/387.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article-pdf\/181\/1\/387\/1677450\/387.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T06:54:59Z","timestamp":1690268099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article\/181\/1\/387\/50509\/Interleukin-12-is-effective-treatment-for-an"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.181.1.387","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1007","1540-9538"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1007","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-9538","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,1]]}}}