{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T06:28:15Z","timestamp":1791095295425,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The current understanding of the function of CD4+ T helper (Th) cells in immunity to infectious diseases is that Th1 cells, which secrete interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon-gamma, induce cellular immune responses, whereas Th2 cells, which secrete IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10, provide helper function for humoral immunity. We have used a panel of poliovirus-specific murine CD4+ T cell clones and mice transgenic for the human poliovirus receptor to evaluate the role of Th cell subpopulations in protective immunity to poliovirus. The majority of T cell clones, as well as polyclonal T cells generated from mice infected or immunized with poliovirus, secreted IL-2 and interferon-gamma, but not IL-4, IL-5, or IL-10, a profile typical of Th1 cells. The Th1 clones displayed major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity against specific poliovirus peptide-pulsed target cells, but also provided help for antipoliovirus neutralizing antibody production. To examine the mechanism of immunity in vivo, we have used poliovirus receptor-transgenic mice on a BALB\/c (H-2d) background. These animals developed a poliomyelitis-like disease when challenged intravenously with a virulent wild-type strain of poliovirus, but not with an attenuated vaccine strain. Furthermore, mice immunized with the vaccine strain were protected against a subsequent challenge with wild-type virus. Using an adoptive transfer technique, we demonstrated that it was possible to confer protection with primed B cells in the presence of polyclonal poliovirus-specific T cells, but not when transgenic mice received either B cells or T cells alone. Furthermore, protection was observed when mice received primed B cells in the presence of a VP4-specific Th1 clone. The findings demonstrate that Th1 cells can mediate a protective immune response against poliovirus infection in vivo through helper activity for humoral immunity and that CD4+ T cells, specific for the internal poliovirus capsid protein, VP4, can provide effective help for a protective antibody response directed against surface capsid proteins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.181.4.1285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,24]],"date-time":"2004-06-24T07:56:10Z","timestamp":1088063770000},"page":"1285-1292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Poliovirus-specific CD4+ Th1 clones with both cytotoxic and helper activity mediate protective humoral immunity against a lethal poliovirus infection in transgenic mice expressing the human poliovirus receptor."],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"181","author":[{"given":"B P","family":"Mahon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, St. Patrick's College, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Katrak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, St. Patrick's College, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Nomoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, St. Patrick's College, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A J","family":"Macadam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, St. Patrick's College, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P D","family":"Minor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, St. Patrick's College, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K H","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, St. Patrick's College, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,4,1]]},"container-title":["The Journal of experimental medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article-pdf\/181\/4\/1285\/1676862\/1285.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article-pdf\/181\/4\/1285\/1676862\/1285.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T06:40:43Z","timestamp":1690267243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article\/181\/4\/1285\/25280\/Poliovirus-specific-CD4-Th1-clones-with-both"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,4,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.181.4.1285","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1007","1540-9538"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1007","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-9538","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,4,1]]}}}