{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:23:52Z","timestamp":1791239032834,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Phenotypic alterations occur when resting human B lymphocytes become germinal center (GC) cells. These include the induction of surface CD38, CD95 (FAS\/APO-1), and carboxy-peptidase-M (CPM), a recently described GC marker. However, the factors that govern the in vivo induction of these surface molecules on B cells remain unknown. Here, we purified resting (CD38-) human B lymphocytes from tonsils in an attempt to establish culture conditions resulting in the induction of these three GC markers. We show that interferon (IFN) alpha or IFN-gamma, as well as antibodies against the B cell antigen receptor (BCR), could induce CD38 on resting B lymphocytes, a phenomenon further enhanced by CD40 stimulation. Concomitantly, CD95 was upregulated by CD40 ligation and, to a lesser extent, by IFN-gamma. By contrast, CPM expression could be upregulated only through BCR triggering. This CPM induction was specifically enhanced by CD19 or CD40 ligation. CD40 + BCR stimulation of resting B cells with CD40 ligand-transfected fibroblastic cells in the presence of cross-linked anti-BCR monoclonal antibodies resulted in the coexpression of CD38, CD95, and CPM. As GC cells, these cells also expressed CD71, CD80 (B7.1), and CD86 (B7.2), but not CD24. However, CD10+ or CD44- B cells could not be detected in these culture conditions, suggesting that yet other signals are required for the induction of these GC markers. Consistent with a GC phenotype, CD40 + BCR-stimulated cells exhibited reduced viability when cultured for 20 h in the absence of stimulus. These results first demonstrate that cotriggering of resting B cells through BCR and CD40 induces both phenotypic and functional GC features. They also show that IFN and CD19 triggering of resting B cells specifically modulate the expression of GC markers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.1.77","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,24]],"date-time":"2004-06-24T07:56:10Z","timestamp":1088063770000},"page":"77-85","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["CD40 and B cell antigen receptor dual triggering of resting B lymphocytes turns on a partial germinal center phenotype."],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"183","author":[{"given":"L","family":"Galibert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Schering-Plough, Laboratory for Immunological Research, Dardilly, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Burdin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schering-Plough, Laboratory for Immunological Research, Dardilly, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"de Saint-Vis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schering-Plough, Laboratory for Immunological Research, Dardilly, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Garrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schering-Plough, Laboratory for Immunological Research, Dardilly, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Van Kooten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schering-Plough, Laboratory for Immunological Research, Dardilly, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Banchereau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schering-Plough, Laboratory for Immunological Research, Dardilly, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Rousset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schering-Plough, Laboratory for Immunological Research, Dardilly, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,1,1]]},"container-title":["The Journal of experimental medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article-pdf\/183\/1\/77\/1678198\/77.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article-pdf\/183\/1\/77\/1678198\/77.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T07:07:38Z","timestamp":1690268858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article\/183\/1\/77\/58349\/CD40-and-B-cell-antigen-receptor-dual-triggering"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,1,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.183.1.77","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1007","1540-9538"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1007","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-9538","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,1,1]]}}}