{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T19:16:37Z","timestamp":1791400597095,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The function of the minor subset of T lymphocytes bearing the \u03b3\u03b4 T cell antigen receptor is uncertain. Although some \u03b3\u03b4 T cells react to microbial products, responsiveness has only rarely been demonstrated toward a bacterial antigen from a naturally occurring human infection. Synovial fluid lymphocytes from patients with Lyme arthritis contain a large proportion of \u03b3\u03b4 cells that proliferate in response to the causative spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi. Furthermore, synovial \u03b3\u03b4 T cell clones express elevated and sustained levels of the ligand for Fas (APO-1, CD95) compared to \u03b1\u03b2 T cells, and induce apoptosis of Fashigh CD4+ synovial lymphocytes. The findings suggest that \u03b3\u03b4 T cells contribute to defense in human infections, as well as manifest an immunoregulatory function at inflammatory sites by a Fas-dependent process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.6.2109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,24]],"date-time":"2004-06-24T07:56:10Z","timestamp":1088063770000},"page":"2109-2118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Apoptosis of Fashigh CD4+ Synovial T Cells by <i>Borrelia-<\/i>reactive Fas-ligandhigh \u03b3\u03b4 T Cells in Lyme Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"184","author":[{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Vincent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Divisions of Immunobiology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont 05405-0068; \u2021Immunex Corporation, Seattle, Washington 98101; \u00a7Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Swiss Institute for Cancer Research, Epalinges, Switzerland; \u2016Division of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Research, Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Roessner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Divisions of Immunobiology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont 05405-0068; \u2021Immunex Corporation, Seattle, Washington 98101; \u00a7Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Swiss Institute for Cancer Research, Epalinges, Switzerland; \u2016Division of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Research, Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Divisions of Immunobiology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont 05405-0068; \u2021Immunex Corporation, Seattle, Washington 98101; \u00a7Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Swiss Institute for Cancer Research, Epalinges, Switzerland; \u2016Division of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Research, Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Divisions of Immunobiology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont 05405-0068; \u2021Immunex Corporation, Seattle, Washington 98101; \u00a7Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Swiss Institute for Cancer Research, Epalinges, Switzerland; \u2016Division of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Research, Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheldon M.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Divisions of Immunobiology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont 05405-0068; \u2021Immunex Corporation, Seattle, Washington 98101; \u00a7Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Swiss Institute for Cancer Research, Epalinges, Switzerland; \u2016Division of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Research, Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jurg","family":"Tschopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Divisions of Immunobiology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont 05405-0068; \u2021Immunex Corporation, Seattle, Washington 98101; \u00a7Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Swiss Institute for Cancer Research, Epalinges, Switzerland; \u2016Division of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Research, Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard H.","family":"Sigal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Divisions of Immunobiology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont 05405-0068; \u2021Immunex Corporation, Seattle, Washington 98101; \u00a7Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Swiss Institute for Cancer Research, Epalinges, Switzerland; \u2016Division of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Research, Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph C.","family":"Budd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Divisions of Immunobiology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont 05405-0068; \u2021Immunex Corporation, Seattle, Washington 98101; \u00a7Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Swiss Institute for Cancer Research, Epalinges, Switzerland; \u2016Division of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Research, Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and 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