{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T03:48:10Z","timestamp":1790480890647,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,6,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>T cell\u2013dependent humoral immune responses are initiated by the activation of naive B cells in the T cell areas of the secondary lymphoid tissues. This primary B cell activation leads to migration of germinal center (GC) cell precursors into B cell follicles where they engage follicular dendritic cells (FDC) and T cells, and differentiate into memory B cells or plasma cells. Both B cell migration and interaction with FDC critically depend on integrin-mediated adhesion. To date, the physiological regulators of this adhesion were unkown. In the present report, we have identified the c-met\u2013encoded receptor tyrosine kinase and its ligand, the growth and motility factor hepatocyte growth factor\/scatter factor (HGF\/SF), as a novel paracrine signaling pathway regulating B cell adhesion. We observed that c-Met is predominantly expressed on CD38+CD77+ tonsillar B cells localized in the dark zone of the GC (centroblasts). On tonsil B cells, ligation of CD40 by CD40-ligand, induces a transient strong upregulation of expression of the c-Met tyrosine kinase. Stimulation of c-Met with HGF\/SF leads to receptor phosphorylation and, in addition, to enhanced integrin-mediated adhesion of B cells to both VCAM-1 and fibronectin. Importantly, the c-Met ligand HGF\/SF is produced at high levels by tonsillar stromal cells thus providing signals for the regulation of adhesion and migration within the lymphoid microenvironment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.12.2121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T12:49:30Z","timestamp":1027687770000},"page":"2121-2131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Paracrine Regulation of Germinal Center B Cell Adhesion through the c-Met\u2013Hepatocyte Growth Factor\/Scatter Factor Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Robbert van der","family":"Voort","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taher E.I.","family":"Taher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M.J.","family":"Keehnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lia","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martijn","family":"Groenink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven T.","family":"Pals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072507090907100_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.12.040194.001001","article-title":"Germinal centers","volume":"12","author":"MacLennan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2023072507090907100_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1994.tb00664.x","article-title":"Differentiation of the secondary B-lymphocyte repertoire: the germinal center reaction","volume":"137","author":"Nossal","year":"1994","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"2023072507090907100_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.8.11.8070632","article-title":"Biology of germinal centers in lymphoid tissue","volume":"8","author":"Thorbecke","year":"1994","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"2023072507090907100_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)62508-5","article-title":"Follicular dendritic cells and germinal centers","volume":"166","author":"Liu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int Rev Cytol"},{"key":"2023072507090907100_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1038\/381751a0","article-title":"Clonal selection and learning in the antibody system","volume":"381","author":"Rajewski","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature (Lond)"},{"key":"2023072507090907100_B6"},{"key":"2023072507090907100_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2951","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830211209","article-title":"Sites of specific B cell activation in primary and secondary responses to T cell-dependent and T cell-independent antigens","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"2023072507090907100_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.173.5.1165","article-title":"In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl. 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