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The possibility that this diminished expression of SHP-1 was related to the germinal center phenotype of Burkitt lymphomas was supported by the low to absent immunofluorescent staining for SHP-1 in germinal centers, and by the inverse relationship between the concentration of SHP-1 and the expression of the germinal center marker CD38 on purified tonsillar B cells. In CD38-high B cells, SHP-1 concentration was 20% of that of mantle zone B cells from the same donor. This reduction in SHP-1 is comparable to that of cells from motheaten viable mev\/mev mice in which there is dysregulated, spontaneous signaling by cytokine and antigen receptors. Therefore, germinal center B cells may have a developmentally regulated, low threshold for cellular activation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.9.1575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T16:49:30Z","timestamp":1027702170000},"page":"1575-1583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Downregulated Expression of SHP-1 in Burkitt Lymphomas and Germinal Center B Lymphocytes"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"186","author":[{"given":"C. Charlotte","family":"Delibrias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Wellcome Trust Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 2SP, United Kingdom; and \u2021Department of Medicine, University of Wales, College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XX, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Eike","family":"Floettmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Wellcome Trust Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 2SP, United Kingdom; and \u2021Department of Medicine, University of Wales, College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XX, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Rowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Wellcome Trust Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 2SP, United Kingdom; and \u2021Department of Medicine, University of Wales, College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XX, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas T.","family":"Fearon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Wellcome Trust Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School 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