{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:12:25Z","timestamp":1791234745205,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,5,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The growth and differentiation of mast cells and melanocytes require stem cell factor (SCF), the ligand for the kit receptor tyrosine kinase. SCF may exist as a membrane-bound or soluble molecule. Abnormalities of the SCF-kit signaling pathway, with increased local concentrations of soluble SCF, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the human disease cutaneous mastocytosis, but have not yet been shown to play a causal role. To investigate both the potential of SCF to cause mastocytosis and its role in epidermal melanocyte homeostasis, we targeted the expression of SCF to epidermal keratinocytes in mice with two different transgenes controlled by the human keratin 14 promoter. The transgenes contained cDNAs that either produced SCF, which can exist in both membrane-bound and soluble forms, or SCF, which remains essentially membrane bound. Murine epidermal keratinocyte expression of membrane-bound\/ soluble SCF reproduced the phenotype of human cutaneous mastocytosis, with dermal mast cell infiltrates and epidermal hyperpigmentation, and caused the maintenance of a population of melanocytes in the interadnexal epidermis, an area where melanocytes and melanin are found in human skin but where they are not typically found in murine skin. Expression of membrane-bound SCF alone resulted in epidermal melanocytosis and melanin production, but did not by itself cause mastocytosis. We conclude, first, that a phenotype matching that of human mastocytosis can be produced in mice by keratinocyte overproduction of soluble SCF, suggesting a potential cause of this disease. Second, we conclude that keratinocyte expression of membrane-bound SCF results in the postnatal maintenance of epidermal melanocytes in mice. Since the resulting animals have skin that more closely approximates human skin than do normal mice, their study may be more relevant to human melanocyte biology than the study of skin of normal mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.10.1565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T16:49:30Z","timestamp":1027702170000},"page":"1565-1573","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":183,"title":["Murine Cutaneous Mastocytosis and Epidermal Melanocytosis Induced by Keratinocyte Expression of Transgenic Stem Cell Factor"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"187","author":[{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Kunisada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Department of Immunology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683, Japan; the \u2021Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; the \u00a7Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-01, Japan; the \u2016Department of Dermatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216, Japan; the \u00b6Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and the **Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; the \u2020\u2020Yale Skin Disease Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; and the \u00a7\u00a7Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York 10032"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Zhuang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Department of Immunology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683, Japan; the \u2021Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; the \u00a7Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-01, Japan; the \u2016Department of Dermatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216, Japan; the \u00b6Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and the **Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; the \u2020\u2020Yale Skin Disease Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; and the \u00a7\u00a7Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York 10032"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisahiro","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Department of Immunology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683, Japan; the \u2021Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; the \u00a7Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-01, Japan; the \u2016Department of Dermatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216, Japan; the \u00b6Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and the **Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; the \u2020\u2020Yale Skin Disease Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; and the \u00a7\u00a7Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York 10032"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satomi","family":"Nishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Department of Immunology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683, Japan; the \u2021Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; the \u00a7Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-01, Japan; the \u2016Department of Dermatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216, Japan; the \u00b6Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and the **Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; the \u2020\u2020Yale Skin Disease Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; and the \u00a7\u00a7Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York 10032"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin-ichi","family":"Nishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Department of Immunology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683, Japan; the \u2021Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; the \u00a7Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-01, Japan; the \u2016Department of Dermatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216, Japan; the \u00b6Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and the **Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; the \u2020\u2020Yale Skin Disease Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; and the \u00a7\u00a7Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York 10032"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masako","family":"Mizoguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Department of Immunology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683, Japan; the \u2021Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; the \u00a7Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-01, Japan; the \u2016Department of Dermatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216, Japan; the \u00b6Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and the **Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; the \u2020\u2020Yale Skin Disease Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; and the \u00a7\u00a7Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York 10032"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin-ichi","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Department of Immunology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683, Japan; the \u2021Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; the \u00a7Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-01, Japan; the \u2016Department of Dermatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216, Japan; the \u00b6Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and the **Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; the \u2020\u2020Yale Skin Disease Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; and the \u00a7\u00a7Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York 10032"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynda","family":"Tyrrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Department of Immunology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683, Japan; the \u2021Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; the \u00a7Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-01, Japan; the \u2016Department of Dermatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216, Japan; the \u00b6Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and the **Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; the \u2020\u2020Yale Skin Disease Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; and the \u00a7\u00a7Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York 10032"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Department of Immunology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683, Japan; the \u2021Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; the \u00a7Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-01, Japan; the \u2016Department of Dermatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216, Japan; the \u00b6Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and the **Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; the \u2020\u2020Yale Skin Disease Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; and the \u00a7\u00a7Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York 10032"},{"name":"From the *Department of Immunology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683, Japan; the \u2021Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; the \u00a7Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-01, Japan; the \u2016Department of Dermatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216, Japan; the \u00b6Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and the **Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; the \u2020\u2020Yale Skin Disease Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; and the \u00a7\u00a7Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York 10032"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Department of Immunology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683, Japan; the \u2021Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; the \u00a7Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-01, Japan; the \u2016Department of Dermatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216, Japan; the \u00b6Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and the **Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; the \u2020\u2020Yale Skin Disease Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; and the \u00a7\u00a7Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York 10032"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Jack Longley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Department of Immunology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683, Japan; the \u2021Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; the \u00a7Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-01, Japan; the \u2016Department of Dermatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216, Japan; the \u00b6Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and the **Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; the \u2020\u2020Yale Skin Disease Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; and the \u00a7\u00a7Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York 10032"},{"name":"From the *Department of Immunology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683, Japan; the \u2021Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; the \u00a7Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-01, Japan; the \u2016Department of Dermatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216, Japan; the \u00b6Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and the **Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; the \u2020\u2020Yale Skin Disease Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; and the \u00a7\u00a7Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York 10032"},{"name":"From the *Department of Immunology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683, Japan; the \u2021Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; the \u00a7Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-01, Japan; the \u2016Department of Dermatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216, Japan; the \u00b6Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and the **Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; the \u2020\u2020Yale Skin Disease Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; and the \u00a7\u00a7Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York 10032"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072507472851200_B1"},{"key":"2023072507472851200_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(70)90100-4","article-title":"A comparison of pigment cell development in albino, steel, and dominant-spotting mutant mouse embryos","volume":"23","author":"Mayer","year":"1970","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"2023072507472851200_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2660(08)60549-0","article-title":"Hereditary anemias of the mouse: a review for geneticists","volume":"20","author":"Russell","year":"1979","journal-title":"Adv Genet"},{"key":"2023072507472851200_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3341","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02655.x","article-title":"Human proto-oncogene c-kit: a new cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase for an unidentified ligand","volume":"6","author":"Yarden","year":"1987","journal-title":"EMBO (Eur Mol Biol Organ) J"},{"key":"2023072507472851200_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02907.x","article-title":"Primary structure of c-kit: relationship with the CSF-1\/PDGF receptor kinase family\u2014 oncogenic activation of v-kit involves deletion of extracellular domain and C terminus","volume":"7","author":"Qiu","year":"1988","journal-title":"EMBO (Eur Mol Biol Organ) J"},{"key":"2023072507472851200_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(88)90020-7","article-title":"The dominant-white spotting (W) locus of the mouse encodes the c-kit proto-oncogene","volume":"55","author":"Geissler","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2023072507472851200_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199305063281803","article-title":"Altered metabolism of mast-cell growth factor (c-kit ligand) in cutaneous mastocytosis","volume":"328","author":"Longley","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023072507472851200_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12613587","article-title":"Human dermal endothelial cells express membrane-associated mast cell growth factor","volume":"104","author":"Weiss","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2023072507472851200_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0177(199610)207:2<222::AID-AJA10>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Neural and skin cell specific expression pattern conferred by Steel factor regulatory sequence in transgenic mice","volume":"207","author":"Yoshida","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dev Dyn"},{"key":"2023072507472851200_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90304-W","article-title":"Molecular cloning of mast cell growth factor, a hematopoietin that is active in both membrane bound and soluble forms","volume":"63","author":"Anderson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2023072507472851200_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90300-4","article-title":"Identification, purification, and biological characterization of hematopoietic stem cell factor from buffalo rat liver\u2013conditioned medium","volume":"63","author":"Zsebo","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2023072507472851200_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90299-T","article-title":"The kit ligand: a cell surface molecule altered in steel mutant fibroblasts","volume":"63","author":"Flanagan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2023072507472851200_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V74.5.1557.1557","article-title":"Suppressive effects of Sl\/Sld mouse embryo-derived fibroblast cell lines on diffusible factor\u2013dependent proliferation of mast cells","volume":"74","author":"Onoue","year":"1989","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2023072507472851200_B14","first-page":"373","article-title":"Alternate splicing of mRNAs encoding human mast cell growth factor and localization of the gene to chromosome 12q22-q24","volume":"2","author":"Anderson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cell Growth Differ"},{"key":"2023072507472851200_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8102","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)92947-9","article-title":"Amino acid sequence and post-translational modification of stem cell factor isolated from buffalo rat liver cell\u2013conditioned medium","volume":"266","author":"Lu","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2023072507472851200_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90326-T","article-title":"Transmembrane form of the kit ligand growth factor is determined by alternative splicing and is missing Sld mutant","volume":"64","author":"Flanagan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2023072507472851200_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4671","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.11.4671","article-title":"Steel-Dickie mutation encodes a c-Kit ligand lacking transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains","volume":"88","author":"Brannan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2023072507472851200_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90302-U","article-title":"Stem cell factor is encoded at the Sl locus of the mouse and is the ligand for the c-kit tyrosine kinase receptor","volume":"63","author":"Zsebo","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2023072507472851200_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.3.3.349","article-title":"Differential expression and processing of two cell associated forms of the kit-ligand: KL-1 and KL-2","volume":"3","author":"Huang","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"2023072507472851200_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.121.3.731","article-title":"Soluble and cell-bound forms of steel factor activity play distinct roles in melanocyte precursor dispersal and survival on the lateral neural crest migration pathway","volume":"121","author":"Wehrle-Haller","year":"1995","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2023072507472851200_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.174.1.125","article-title":"The rat c-kit ligand, stem cell factor, induces the development of connective tissue\u2013type and 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Analysis by anatomical distribution, histochemistry, and protease phenotype","volume":"174","author":"Tsai","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2023072507472851200_B22","first-page":"48A","article-title":"Recombinant human stem cell factor (SCF) (c-kit ligand) promotes melanocyte hyperplasia and activation in vivo","volume":"72","author":"Harrist","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"2023072507472851200_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.6.2681","article-title":"Recombinant human stem cell factor (KIT ligand) promotes human mast cell and melanocyte hyperplasia and functional activation in vivo","volume":"183","author":"Costa","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2023072507472851200_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)90336-4","article-title":"The mast cell and mast cell disease","volume":"32","author":"Longley","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2023072507472851200_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3109\/07853899409147338","article-title":"Is mastocytosis a mast cell neoplasia or a reactive hyperplasia?","volume":"26","author":"Longley","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"2023072507472851200_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0396-312","article-title":"Somatic c-KIT activating mutation in urticaria pigmentosa and aggressive mastocytosis; establishment of clonality in a human mast cell neoplasm","volume":"12","author":"Longley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2023072507472851200_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10560","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.23.10560","article-title":"Identification of a point mutation in the catalytic domain of the protooncogene c-kit in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients who have mastocytosis with an associated hematologic disorder","volume":"92","author":"Nagata","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2023072507472851200_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116761","article-title":"Identification of mutations in the coding sequence of the proto-oncogene c-KIT in a human mast cell leukemia cell line causing ligand-independent activation of c-KIT product","volume":"92","author":"Furitsu","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2023072507472851200_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V85.3.790.bloodjournal853790","article-title":"Constitutively activating mutations of c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase confer factor\u2013independent growth and tumorigenicity of factor-dependent hematopoietic cell lines","volume":"85","author":"Kitayama","year":"1995","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2023072507472851200_B30","first-page":"189","article-title":"Transforming and differentiation-inducing potential of constitutively activated c-kit mutant genes in the IC-2 murine interleukin-3\u2013dependent mast cell line","volume":"148","author":"Hashimoto","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2023072507472851200_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V87.1.273.273","article-title":"Constitutive activation of c-kit in FMA3 murine mastocytoma cells caused by deletion of seven amino acids at the juxtamembrane domain","volume":"87","author":"Tsujimura","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2023072507472851200_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1159\/000236870","article-title":"Substitution of an aspartic acid results in constitutive activation of c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase in a rat tumor mast cell line RBL-2H3","volume":"106","author":"Tsujimura","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy 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