{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T10:11:38Z","timestamp":1770718298849,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,3,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Engagement of antigen receptors on mature B lymphocytes is known to block cell entry into lymphoid follicles and promote accumulation in T cell zones, yet the molecular basis for this change in cell distribution is not understood. Previous studies have shown that follicular exclusion requires a threshold level of antigen receptor engagement combined with occupancy of follicles by B cells without equivalent receptor engagement. The possibility has been raised that follicular composition affects B cell positioning by altering the amount of available antigen and the degree of receptor occupancy. Here we show that follicular composition affects migration of mature B cells under conditions that are independent of antigen receptor occupancy. B cells deficient in the negative regulatory protein tyrosine phosphatase, SHP1, which have elevated intracellular signaling by the B cell receptor, are shown to accumulate in the T zone in the absence of their specific antigen. Follicular exclusion of SHP1\u2013deficient B cells was found to be conditional on the presence of excess B cells that lack elevated intracellular signaling, and was not due to a failure of SHP-1\u2013deficient cells to mature and express the follicle-homing chemokine receptor Burkitt's lymphoma receptor 1. These findings strongly suggest that signals that are negatively regulated by SHP1 promote B cell localization in T cell zones by reducing competitiveness for follicular entry, and provide further evidence that follicular composition influences the positioning of antigen-engaged B cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.6.929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T16:49:30Z","timestamp":1027702170000},"page":"929-937","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Spontaneous Follicular Exclusion of SHP1-deficient B Cells Is Conditional on the Presence of Competitor Wild-type B Cells"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"187","author":[{"given":"Kerstin N.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; and the \u2021Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Beckman Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher W.","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; and the \u2021Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Beckman Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Courtney T.","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; and the \u2021Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Beckman Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher C.","family":"Goodnow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; and the \u2021Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Beckman Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason G.","family":"Cyster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; and the \u2021Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Beckman Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072507554892800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8749(76)90191-X","article-title":"Comparative migration of B- and T-lymphocytes in the rat spleen and lymph nodes","volume":"23","author":"Nieuwenhuis","year":"1976","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"2023072507554892800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2951","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830211209","article-title":"Sites of specific B cell activation in primary and secondary responses to T cell\u2013dependent and T cell\u2013independent antigens","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"2023072507554892800_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.173.5.1165","article-title":"In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl. 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