{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T09:30:59Z","timestamp":1791192659798,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,4,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Human myeloma are incurable hematologic cancers of immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells in bone marrow. Although malignant plasma cells can be almost eradicated from the patient's bone marrow by chemotherapy, drug-resistant myeloma precursor cells persist in an apparently cryptic compartment. Controversy exists as to whether myeloma precursor cells are hematopoietic stem cells, pre\u2013B cells, germinal center (GC) B cells, circulating memory cells, or plasma blasts. This situation reflects what has been a general problem in cancer research for years: how to compare a tumor with its normal counterpart. Although several studies have demonstrated somatically mutated immunoglobulin variable region genes in multiple myeloma, it is unclear if myeloma cells are derived from GCs or post-GC memory B cells. Immunoglobulin (Ig)D-secreting myeloma have two unique immunoglobulin features, including a biased \u03bb light chain expression and a C\u03bc\u2013C\u03b4 isotype switch. Using surface markers, we have previously isolated a population of surface IgM\u2212IgD+CD38+ GC B cells that carry the most impressive somatic mutation in their IgV genes. Here we show that this population of GC B cells displays the two molecular features of IgD-secreting myeloma cells: a biased \u03bb light chain expression and a C\u03bc\u2013C\u03b4 isotype switch. The demonstration of these peculiar GC B cells to differentiate into IgD-secreting plasma cells but not memory B cells both in vivo and in vitro suggests that IgD-secreting plasma and myeloma cells are derived from GCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.8.1169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T16:48:54Z","timestamp":1027702134000},"page":"1169-1178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":127,"title":["The Normal Counterpart of IgD Myeloma Cells in Germinal Center Displays Extensively Mutated IgVH Gene, C\u03bc\u2013C\u03b4 Switch, and \u03bb Light Chain Expression"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"187","author":[{"given":"Christophe","family":"Arpin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From Schering-Plough, Laboratory for Immunological Research, 69571 Dardilly, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Odette","family":"de Bouteiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Schering-Plough, Laboratory for Immunological Research, 69571 Dardilly, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Razanajaona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Schering-Plough, Laboratory for Immunological Research, 69571 Dardilly, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Fugier-Vivier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Schering-Plough, Laboratory for Immunological Research, 69571 Dardilly, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francine","family":"Bri\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Schering-Plough, Laboratory for Immunological Research, 69571 Dardilly, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Banchereau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Schering-Plough, Laboratory for Immunological Research, 69571 Dardilly, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serge","family":"Lebecque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Schering-Plough, Laboratory for Immunological Research, 69571 Dardilly, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Schering-Plough, Laboratory for Immunological Research, 69571 Dardilly, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072507572850300_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.138.4.965","article-title":"Immunoglobulin D as a lymphocyte receptor","volume":"138","author":"Rowe","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2023072507572850300_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830041114","article-title":"IgD and IgM on the membrane of lymphoid cells in macroglobulinemia. 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