{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T08:52:22Z","timestamp":1760345542646},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Coligation of CD19, a molecule expressed during all stages of B cell development except plasmacytes, lowers the threshold for B cell activation with anti-IgM by a factor of 100. The cytoplasmic tail of CD19 contains nine tyrosine residues as possible phosphorylation sites and is postulated to function as the signal transducing element for complement receptor (CR)2. Generation and analysis of CD19 gene\u2013targeted mice revealed that T cell\u2013dependent (TD) antibody responses to proteinaceous antigens were impaired, whereas those to T cell\u2013independent (TI) type 2 antigens were normal or even augmented. These results are compatible with earlier complement depletion studies and the postulated function of CD19. To analyze the role of CD19 in antiviral antibody responses, we immunized CD19\u2212\/\u2212 mice with viral antigens of TI-1, TI-2, and TD type. The effect of CD19 on TI responses was more dependent on antigen dose and replicative capacity than on antigen type. CR blocking experiments confirmed the role of CD19 as B cell signal transducer for complement. In contrast to immunization with protein antigens, infection of CD19\u2212\/\u2212 mice with replicating virus led to generation of specific germinal centers, which persisted for &amp;gt;100 d, whereas maintenance of memory antibody titers as well as circulating memory B cells was fully dependent on CD19. Thus, our study confirms a costimulatory role of CD19 on B cells under limiting antigen conditions and indicates an important role for B cell memory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.1.145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T16:49:30Z","timestamp":1027702170000},"page":"145-155","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Antiviral Protection and Germinal Center Formation, But Impaired B Cell Memory in the Absence of CD19"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"188","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Fehr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Institute of Experimental Immunology, Department of Pathology, University Hospital, CH-8091 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland; and the \u2021Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Rickert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Institute of Experimental Immunology, Department of Pathology, University Hospital, CH-8091 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland; and the \u2021Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Odermatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Institute of Experimental Immunology, Department of Pathology, University Hospital, CH-8091 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland; and the \u2021Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Roes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Institute of Experimental Immunology, Department of Pathology, University Hospital, CH-8091 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland; and the \u2021Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Rajewsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Institute of Experimental Immunology, Department of Pathology, University Hospital, CH-8091 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland; and the \u2021Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Hengartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Institute of Experimental Immunology, Department of Pathology, University Hospital, CH-8091 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland; and the \u2021Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rolf M.","family":"Zinkernagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Institute of Experimental Immunology, Department of Pathology, University Hospital, CH-8091 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland; and the \u2021Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072508090709300_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3848","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.6.3848","article-title":"Expression of cell surface markers after human B lymphocyte activation","volume":"78","author":"Stashenko","year":"1981","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2023072508090709300_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7531365","article-title":"Biotherapy of B-cell precursor leukemia by targeting genistein to CD19-associated tyrosine kinases","volume":"267","author":"Uckun","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023072508090709300_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.143.2.712","article-title":"Isolation of cDNAs encoding the CD19 antigen of human and mouse B lymphocytes. 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