{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T03:40:07Z","timestamp":1779334807500,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,4,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The mechanisms that regulate the strength and duration of CD8+ cytotoxic T cell activity determine the effectiveness of an antitumor immune response. To better understand the antitumor effects of anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte\u2013associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) antibody treatment, we analyzed the effect of CTLA-4 signaling on CD8+ T cells in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, cross-linking of CTLA-4 on purified CD8+ T cells caused decreased proliferative responses to anti-CD3 stimulation and rapid loss of activation marker expression. In vivo, blockade of CTLA-4 by neutralizing anti\u2013CTLA-4 mAb greatly enhanced the accumulation, activation, and cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells induced by immunization with Ag on dendritic cells (DC). This enhanced response did not require the expression of MHC class II molecules on DC or the presence of CD4+ T cells. These results demonstrate that CTLA-4 blockade is able to directly enhance the proliferation and activation of specific CD8+ T cells, indicating its potential for tumor immunotherapy even in situations in which CD4+ T cell help is limited or absent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.7.1157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T16:48:33Z","timestamp":1027702113000},"page":"1157-1162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte\u2013associated Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) Can Regulate Dendritic Cell\u2013induced Activation and Cytotoxicity of CD8+ T Cells Independently of CD4+T Cell Help"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"189","author":[{"given":"Kathy D.","family":"McCoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington School of Medicine, Wellington, New 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