{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T06:06:18Z","timestamp":1790921178529,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>It has been proposed that CD2, which is highly expressed on T cells, serves to enhance T cell\u2013antigen presenting cell (APC) adhesion and costimulate T cell activation. Here we analyzed the role of CD2 using CD2-deficient mice crossed with transgenic mice expressing a T cell receptor specific for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-derived peptide p33. We found that absence of CD2 on T cells shifted the p33-specific dose\u2013response curve in vitro by a factor of 3\u201310. In comparison, stimulation of T cells in the absence of lymphocyte function\u2013associated antigen (LFA)-1\u2013intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 interaction shifted the dose\u2013response curve by a factor of 10, whereas absence of both CD2\u2013CD48 and LFA-1\u2013ICAM-1 interactions shifted the response by a factor of \u223c100. This indicates that CD2 and LFA-1 facilitate T cell activation additively. T cell activation at low antigen density was blocked at its very first steps, as T cell APC conjugate formation, TCR triggering, and Ca2+ fluxes were affected by the absence of CD2. In vivo, LCMV-specific, CD2-deficient T cells proliferated normally upon infection with live virus but responded in a reduced fashion upon cross-priming. Thus, CD2 sets quantitative thresholds and fine-tunes T cell activation both in vitro and in vivo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.190.10.1383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T16:48:33Z","timestamp":1027702113000},"page":"1383-1392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Cd2 Sets Quantitative Thresholds in T Cell Activation"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"190","author":[{"given":"Martin F.","family":"Bachmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aBasel Institute for Immunology, CH 4005 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marijke","family":"Barner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aBasel Institute for Immunology, CH 4005 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manfred","family":"Kopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aBasel Institute for Immunology, CH 4005 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","reference":[{"key":"2023072508414764000_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.05.040187.001255","article-title":"The lymphocyte function-associated LFA-1, CD2 and LFA-3 moleculescell adhesion receptors for the immune system","volume":"5","author":"Springer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Annu. 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