{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T13:59:19Z","timestamp":1783346359506,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,4,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Currently there are few reliable cell surface markers that can clearly discriminate effector from memory T cells. To determine if there are changes in O-glycosylation between these two cell types, we analyzed virus-specific CD8 T cells at various time points after lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection of mice. Antigen-specific CD8 T cells were identified using major histocompatibility complex class I tetramers, and glycosylation changes were monitored with a monoclonal antibody (1B11) that recognizes O-glycans on mucin-type glycoproteins. We observed a striking upregulation of a specific cell surface O-glycan epitope on virus-specific CD8 T cells during the effector phase of the primary cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. This upregulation showed a strong correlation with the acquisition of effector function and was downregulated on memory CD8 T cells. Upon reinfection, there was again increased expression of this specific O-glycan epitope on secondary CTL effectors, followed once more by decreased expression on memory cells. Thus, this study identifies a new cell surface marker to distinguish between effector and memory CD8 T cells. This marker can be used to isolate pure populations of effector CTLs and also to determine the proportion of memory CD8 T cells that are recruited into the secondary response upon reencounter with antigen. This latter information will be of value in optimizing immunization strategies for boosting CD8 T cell responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.7.1241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T16:48:33Z","timestamp":1027702113000},"page":"1241-1246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":143,"title":["Differentiating between Memory and Effector Cd8 T Cells by Altered Expression of Cell Surface O-Glycans"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"191","author":[{"given":"Laurie E.","family":"Harrington","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aEmory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Galvan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda G.","family":"Baum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Altman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aEmory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafi","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aEmory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072509130245900_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5258.54","article-title":"Immunological memory and protective immunityunderstanding their relation","volume":"272","author":"Ahmed","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2023072509130245900_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.4.1367","article-title":"Visualization, characterization, and turnover of CD8+ memory T cells in virus-infected hosts","volume":"183","author":"Zimmerman","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. 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