{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T19:10:14Z","timestamp":1791054614435,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The stimulation of interferon (IFN)-\u03b3 by interleukin (IL)-12 has been shown to provide protection from intracellular pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is also a major player in the resolution of Listeria infections and is suggested to have more global effects than can be explained by the induction of IFN-\u03b3 alone. Since IL-18 synergizes with IL-12 to induce IFN-\u03b3 production by natural killer and T helper (Th)1 cells, we determined its role in responses to Listeria. IL-18 appeared to be even more potent than either IL-12 or IFN-\u03b3 for protection against this pathogen and IL-18 enhanced bacterial clearance in the complete absence of IFN-\u03b3. Indeed IL-18 was comparable to TNF in its ability to resolve the infection and showed a lowered protective capacity in the absence of TNF. Moreover, IL-18 induced macrophages to secrete both TNF and nitric oxide after a Listeria infection. IL-18 was also essential for optimal IFN-\u03b3 production by antigen-specific T cells. Therefore, IL-18 operates via its effects on both the innate immune response, including macrophages, as well as on Th1 cells, to protect against Listeria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.194.3.343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T16:48:33Z","timestamp":1027702113000},"page":"343-354","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["A Critical Role for Interleukin 18 in Primary and Memory Effector Responses to <i>Listeria monocytogenes<\/i> That Extends Beyond Its Effects on Interferon \u03b3 Production"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"194","author":[{"given":"Margaret","family":"Neighbors","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Immunology, DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Incorporated, Palo Alto, CA 94304"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuling","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Immunology, DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Incorporated, Palo Alto, CA 94304"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franck J.","family":"Barrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Immunology, DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Incorporated, Palo Alto, CA 94304"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigrid R.","family":"Ruuls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Immunology, DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Incorporated, Palo Alto, CA 94304"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatyana","family":"Churakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bDepartment of Molecular Biology, DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Incorporated, Palo Alto, CA 94304"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reno","family":"Debets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bDepartment of Molecular Biology, DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Incorporated, Palo Alto, CA 94304"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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