{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:05:40Z","timestamp":1788998740333,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The pilin glycoprotein (PilE) is the main building block of the pilus of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus [GC]). GC pilin is known to carry a disaccharide O-glycan, which has an \u03b1Gal attached to the O-linked GlcNAc by a 1\u20133 glycosidic bond. In this report, we describe the cloning and characterization of the GC gene, pilus glycosyl transferase A (pgtA), which encodes the galactosyl transferase that catalyzes the synthesis of this Gal\u2013GlcNAc bond of pilin glycan. A homopolymeric tract of Gs (poly-G) is present in the pgtA gene of many GC strains, and this pgtA with poly-G can undergo phase variation (Pv). However, in many other GC, pgtA lacks the poly-G and is expressed constitutively without Pv. Furthermore, by screening a large number of clinical isolates, a significant correlation was observed between the presence of poly-G in pgtA and the dissemination of GC infection. Poly-G was found in pgtA in all (24 out of 24) of the isolates from patients with disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI). In contrast, for the vast majority (20 out of 28) of GC isolated from uncomplicated gonorrhea (UG) patients, pgtA lacked the poly-G. These results indicate that Pv of pgtA is likely to be involved in the conversion of UG to DGI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20012022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,28]],"date-time":"2002-07-28T22:32:53Z","timestamp":1027895573000},"page":"147-162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Implications of Phase Variation of a Gene (<i>pgtA<\/i>) Encoding a Pilin Galactosyl Transferase in Gonococcal Pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"196","author":[{"given":"Asesh","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherry L.","family":"Supernavage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salil K.","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Human Genetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisha F.","family":"Ganesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng G.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunita","family":"Gulati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Evans Biomedical Research Center, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Evans Biomedical Research Center, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072511373687600_BIB1"},{"key":"2023072511373687600_BIB2"},{"key":"2023072511373687600_BIB3","first-page":"688","volume":"12","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin. 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