{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:19:28Z","timestamp":1791263968964,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DO, a lysosomal resident major histocompatibility complex class II molecule expressed in B cells, has previously been shown to be a negative regulator of HLA-DM peptide loading function. We analyze the expression of DO in human peripheral blood, lymph node, tonsil, and bone marrow to determine if DO expression is modulated in the physiological setting. B cells, but not monocytes or monocyte-derived dendritic cells, are observed to express this protein. Preclearing experiments demonstrate that \u223c50% of HLA-DM is bound to DO in peripheral blood B cells. HLA-DM and HLA-DR expression is demonstrated early in B cell development, beginning at the pro-B stage in adult human bone marrow. In contrast, DO expression is initiated only after B cell development is complete. In all situations, there is a striking correlation between intracellular DO expression and cell surface class II\u2013associated invariant chain peptide expression, which suggests that DO substantially inhibits DM function in primary human B cells. We report that the expression of DO is markedly downmodulated in human germinal center B cells. Modulation of DO expression may provide a mechanism to regulate peptide loading activity and antigen presentation by B cells during the development of humoral immune responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20012066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T12:48:54Z","timestamp":1027687734000},"page":"1053-1062","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Regulated Expression of Human Histocompatibility Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-DO During Antigen-dependent and Antigen-independent Phases of B Cell Development"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"195","author":[{"given":"Xinjian","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oskar","family":"Laur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taku","family":"Kambayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Bray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique A.","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Karlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2The R.W. 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