{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T10:31:43Z","timestamp":1790937103714,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei, which causes sleeping sickness in humans and Nagana disease in livestock, is spread via blood-sucking Tsetse flies. In the fly's intestine, the trypanosomes survive digestive and trypanocidal environments, proliferate, and translocate into the salivary gland, where they become infectious to the next mammalian host. Here, we show that for successful survival in Tsetse flies, the trypanosomes use trans-sialidase to transfer sialic acids that they cannot synthesize from host's glycoconjugates to the glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs), which are abundantly expressed on their surface. Trypanosomes lacking sialic acids due to a defective generation of GPI-anchored trans-sialidase could not survive in the intestine, but regained the ability to survive when sialylated by means of soluble trans-sialidase. Thus, surface sialic acids appear to protect the parasites from the digestive and trypanocidal environments in the midgut of Tsetse flies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,11]],"date-time":"2004-05-11T01:03:57Z","timestamp":1084237437000},"page":"1445-1450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Surface Sialic Acids Taken from the Host Allow Trypanosome Survival in Tsetse Fly Vectors"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"199","author":[{"given":"Kisaburo","family":"Nagamune","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Immunoregulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvaro","family":"Acosta-Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Division of Molecular Microbiology and Biological Chemistry, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, The University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruki","family":"Uemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reto","family":"Brun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Kunz-Renggli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Immunoregulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.J.","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Division of Molecular Microbiology and Biological Chemistry, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, The University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taroh","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Immunoregulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072512142689600_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(99)01512-4","volume":"15","year":"1999","journal-title":"Parasitol. 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