{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:39:19Z","timestamp":1791434359054,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a granulomatous and occlusive vasculitis that causes blindness, stroke, and aortic aneurysm. CD4+ T cells are selectively activated in the adventitia of affected arteries. In human GCA artery\u2013severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse chimeras, depletion of CD83+ dendritic cells (DCs) abrogated vasculitis, suggesting that DCs are critical antigen-presenting cells in GCA. Healthy medium-size arteries possessed an indigenous population of DCs at the adventitia\u2013media border. Adoptive T cell transfer into temporal artery\u2013SCID mouse chimeras demonstrated that DCs in healthy arteries were functionally immature, but gained T cell stimulatory capacity after injection of lipopolysaccharide. In patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), a subclinical variant of GCA, adventitial DCs were mature and produced the chemokines CCL19 and CCL21, but vasculitic infiltrates were lacking. Human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen class II\u2013matched healthy arteries, PMR arteries, and GCA arteries were coimplanted into SCID mice. Immature DCs in healthy arteries failed to stimulate T cells, but DCs in PMR arteries could attract, retain, and activate T cells that originated from the GCA lesions. We propose that in situ maturation of DCs in the adventitia is an early event in the pathogenesis of GCA. Activation of adventitial DCs initiates and maintains T cell responses in the artery and breaks tissue tolerance in the perivascular space.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,20]],"date-time":"2004-01-20T20:07:52Z","timestamp":1074629272000},"page":"173-183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":252,"title":["Activation of Arterial Wall Dendritic Cells and Breakdown of Self-tolerance in Giant Cell Arteritis"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"199","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Ma-Krupa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905"},{"name":"2Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myung-Shin","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905"},{"name":"2Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Spoerl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905"},{"name":"2Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas F.","family":"Tedder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u0308rg J.","family":"Goronzy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905"},{"name":"2Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelia M.","family":"Weyand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905"},{"name":"2Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072512234856000_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra022694","volume":"349","year":"2003","journal-title":"N. 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