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One pathway involves dual engagement of the Fc receptor Fc\u03b3RIII and Toll-like receptor (TLR)9, whereas the other is TLR9 independent. Furthermore, there is a characteristic cytokine profile elicited by the chromatin immune complexes that distinguishes this response from that of conventional TLR ligands, notably the induction of BAFF and the lack of induction of interleukin 12. The data establish a critical role for self-antigen in DC activation and explain how the innate immune system might drive the adaptive immune response in SLE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20031942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,15]],"date-time":"2004-06-15T18:28:02Z","timestamp":1087324082000},"page":"1631-1640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":424,"title":["Toll-like Receptor 9\u2013Dependent and \u2013Independent Dendritic Cell Activation by Chromatin\u2013Immunoglobulin G Complexes"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"199","author":[{"given":"Melissa W.","family":"Boule\u0301","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Renal Section, Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney","family":"Broughton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Renal Section, Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabienne","family":"Mackay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Arthritis and Inflammation, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales 2010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shizuo","family":"Akira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Marshak-Rothstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian R.","family":"Rifkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Renal Section, Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072512163911800_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81108-3","volume":"85","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"2023072512163911800_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0598-56","volume":"19","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat. 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