{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:10:57Z","timestamp":1791299457397,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The serine\/threonine-specific protein kinase C (PKC)-\u03b8 is predominantly expressed in T cells and localizes to the center of the immunological synapse upon T cell receptor (TCR) and CD28 signaling. T cells deficient in PKC-\u03b8 exhibit reduced interleukin (IL)-2 production and proliferative responses in vitro, however, its significance in vivo remains unclear. We found that pkc-\u03b8\u2212\/\u2212 mice were protected from pulmonary allergic hypersensitivity responses such as airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilia, and immunoglobulin E production to inhaled allergen. Furthermore, T helper (Th)2 cell immune responses against Nippostrongylus brasiliensis were severely impaired in pkc-\u03b8\u2212\/\u2212 mice. In striking contrast, pkc-\u03b8\u2212\/\u2212 mice on both the C57BL\/6 background and the normally susceptible BALB\/c background mounted protective Th1 immune responses and were resistant against infection with Leishmania major. Using in vitro TCR transgenic T cell\u2013dendritic cell coculture systems and antigen concentration-dependent Th polarization, PKC-\u03b8\u2013deficient T cells were found to differentiate into Th1 cells after activation with high concentrations of specific peptide, but to have compromised Th2 development at low antigen concentration. The addition of IL-2 partially reconstituted Th2 development in pkc-\u03b8\u2212\/\u2212 T cells, consistent with an important role for this cytokine in Th2 polarization. Taken together, our results reveal a central role for PKC-\u03b8 signaling during Th2 responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20032229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,19]],"date-time":"2004-07-19T15:07:36Z","timestamp":1090249656000},"page":"181-189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":182,"title":["Protein Kinase C \u03b8 Is Critical for the Development of In Vivo T Helper (Th)2 Cell But Not Th1 Cell Responses"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"200","author":[{"given":"Benjamin J.","family":"Marsland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Molecular Biomedicine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH8952 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Soos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"Spa\u0308th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Medical and Molecular Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan R.","family":"Littman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manfred","family":"Kopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Molecular Biomedicine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH8952 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072512430976800_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5425.221","volume":"285","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2023072512430976800_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.19.1.375","volume":"19","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu. 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