{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T19:20:13Z","timestamp":1793388013326,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>West Nile virus (WNV) is a reemerging pathogen that causes fatal encephalitis in several species, including mouse and human. Recently, we showed that the chemokine receptor CCR5 is critical for survival of mice infected with WNV, acting at the level of leukocyte trafficking to the brain. To test whether this receptor is also protective in man, we determined the frequency of CCR5\u039432, a defective CCR5 allele found predominantly in Caucasians, in two independent cohorts of patients, one from Arizona and the other from Colorado, who had laboratory-confirmed, symptomatic WNV infection. The distribution of CCR5\u039432 in a control population of healthy United States Caucasian random blood donors was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and CCR5\u039432 homozygotes represented 1.0% of the total group (n = 1,318). In contrast, CCR5\u039432 homozygotes represented 4.2% of Caucasians in the Arizona cohort (odds ratios [OR] = 4.4 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6\u201311.8], P = 0.0013) and 8.3% of Caucasians in the Colorado cohort (OR = 9.1 [95% CI, 3.4\u201324.8], P &amp;lt; 0.0001). CCR5\u039432 homozygosity was significantly associated with fatal outcome in the Arizona cohort (OR = 13.2 [95% CI, 1.9\u201389.9], P = 0.03). We conclude that CCR5 mediates resistance to symptomatic WNV infection. Because CCR5 is also the major HIV coreceptor, these findings have important implications for the safety of CCR5-blocking agents under development for HIV\/AIDS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20051970","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,17]],"date-time":"2006-01-17T22:28:32Z","timestamp":1137536912000},"page":"35-40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":445,"title":["CCR5 deficiency increases risk of symptomatic West Nile virus infection"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"203","author":[{"given":"William G.","family":"Glass","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"McDermott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean K.","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudkamon","family":"Lekhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Bureau of State Laboratory Services"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuk Fong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Bureau of State Laboratory Services"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William A.","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Bureau of Epidemiology and Disease Control Services, Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, AZ 85007"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Pape","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, CO 80246"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald C.","family":"Cheshier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Bureau of State Laboratory Services"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip M.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072513451564000_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5448.2333","volume":"286","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2023072513451564000_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0505.990505","volume":"5","year":"1999","journal-title":"Emerg. 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