{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:42:11Z","timestamp":1791398531886,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Human natural killer (NK) cells originate from CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells, but the discrete stages of NK cell differentiation in vivo have not been elucidated. We identify and functionally characterize, from human lymph nodes and tonsils, four NK cell developmental intermediates spanning the continuum of differentiation from a CD34(+) NK cell progenitor to a functionally mature NK cell. Analyses of each intermediate stage for CD34, CD117, and CD94 cell surface expression, lineage differentiation potentials, capacity for cytokine production and natural cytotoxicity, and ETS-1, GATA-3, and T-BET expression provide evidence for a new model of human NK cell differentiation in secondary lymphoid tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20052507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,11]],"date-time":"2006-04-11T00:33:39Z","timestamp":1144715619000},"page":"1033-1043","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":396,"title":["Evidence for discrete stages of human natural killer cell differentiation in vivo"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"203","author":[{"given":"Aharon G.","family":"Freud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Medical Scientist Program"},{"name":"2Integrated Biomedical Science Graduate Program"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Yokohama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Becknell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Medical Scientist Program"},{"name":"2Integrated Biomedical Science Graduate Program"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa T.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Division of Hematology\/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsiaoyin C.","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy K.","family":"Ferketich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Department of Epidemiology and Biometrics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Caligiuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Integrated Biomedical Science Graduate Program"},{"name":"3Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics"},{"name":"5Division of Hematology\/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Public Health"},{"name":"6The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072513421907700_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1088","volume":"3","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. 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