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Blockade of this pathway reinvigorates the exhausted T cells, allowing them to expand and produce effector cytokines, raising the issue of whether this pathway has been exploited by a variety of viruses during chronic infection. New studies now extend these observations to HIV infection and human disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,25]],"date-time":"2006-09-25T20:59:01Z","timestamp":1159217941000},"page":"2223-2227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":331,"title":["Reinvigorating exhausted HIV-specific T cells via PD-1\u2013PD-1 ligand blockade"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"203","author":[{"given":"Gordon J.","family":"Freeman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. 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