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Expression of twist1 was transient after T cell receptor engagement, and increased upon repeated stimulation of Th1 cells. Imprinting for enhanced twist1 expression was characteristic of repeatedly restimulated EM Th cells, and thus of the pathogenic memory Th cells characteristic of chronic inflammation. Th lymphocytes from the inflamed joint or gut tissue of patients with rheumatic diseases, Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis expressed high levels of twist1. Expression of twist1 in Th1 lymphocytes limited the expression of the cytokines interferon-\u03b3, IL-2, and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, and ameliorated Th1-mediated immunopathology in delayed-type hypersensitivity and antigen-induced arthritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20072468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,28]],"date-time":"2008-07-28T20:58:34Z","timestamp":1217278714000},"page":"1889-1901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Autoregulation of Th1-mediated inflammation by\n                    <i>twist1<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"205","author":[{"given":"Uwe","family":"Niesner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inka","family":"Albrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1German Rheumatism Research 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