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Remarkably, vaccinees expressing MHC-I (MHC class I) alleles previously associated with viral control completely suppressed acute phase replication of the challenge virus, implicating CD8+ T cells in this control. Furthermore, transient depletion of peripheral CD8+ lymphocytes in four vaccinees during the chronic phase resulted in an increase in virus replication. In two of these animals, the recrudescent virus population contained only the vaccine strain and not the challenge virus. Alarmingly, however, we found evidence of recombinant viruses emerging in some of the vaccinated animals. This finding argues strongly against an attenuated virus vaccine as a solution to the AIDS epidemic. On a more positive note, our results suggest that MHC-I\u2013restricted CD8+ T cells contribute to the protection induced by the live-attenuated SIV vaccine and demonstrate that vaccine-induced CD8+ T cell responses can control replication of heterologous challenge viruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,6]],"date-time":"2008-10-06T20:45:09Z","timestamp":1223325909000},"page":"2537-2550","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":127,"title":["Macaques vaccinated with live-attenuated SIV control replication of heterologous virus"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"205","author":[{"given":"Matthew R.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1AIDS Vaccine Research Laboratory, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 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