{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:07:53Z","timestamp":1791248873210,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We report that like other T cells cultured in the presence of transforming growth factor (TGF) \u03b2, Th17 cells also produce interleukin (IL) 9. Th17 cells generated in vitro with IL-6 and TGF-\u03b2 as well as purified ex vivo Th17 cells both produced IL-9. To determine if IL-9 has functional consequences in Th17-mediated inflammatory disease, we evaluated the role of IL-9 in the development and progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. The data show that IL-9 neutralization and IL-9 receptor deficiency attenuates disease, and this correlates with decreases in Th17 cells and IL-6\u2013producing macrophages in the central nervous system, as well as mast cell numbers in the regional lymph nodes. Collectively, these data implicate IL-9 as a Th17-derived cytokine that can contribute to inflammatory disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20090246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,13]],"date-time":"2009-07-13T21:06:53Z","timestamp":1247519213000},"page":"1653-1660","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":345,"title":["IL-9 as a mediator of Th17-driven inflammatory disease"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"206","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth C.","family":"Nowak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casey T.","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrietta","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakhina","family":"Begum-Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Burkhard","family":"Becher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Immunology, Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland 3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Schreiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Immunology, Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland 3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Coyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Autoimmunity and Inflammation, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lloyd H.","family":"Kasper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randolph J.","family":"Noelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072917251099100_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215751","article-title":"Experimental autoimmune encephalitis and inflammation in the absence of interleukin-12","volume":"110","author":"Becher","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. 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