{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T01:43:58Z","timestamp":1791423838558,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The relationship of T follicular helper (TFH) cells to other T helper (Th) subsets is controversial. We find that after helminth infection, or immunization with helminth antigens, reactive lymphoid organs of 4get IL-4\/GFP reporter mice contain populations of IL-4\/GFP-expressing CD4+ T cells that display the TFH markers CXCR5, PD-1, and ICOS. These TFH cells express the canonical TFH markers BCL6 and IL-21, but also GATA3, the master regulator of Th2 cell differentiation. Consistent with a relationship between Th2 and TFH cells, IL-4 protein production, reported by expression of huCD2 in IL-4 dual reporter (4get\/KN2) mice, was a robust marker of TFH cells in LNs responding to helminth antigens. Moreover, the majority of huCD2\/IL-4\u2013producing Th cells were found within B cell follicles, consistent with their definition as TFH cells. TFH cell development after immunization failed to occur in mice lacking B cells or CD154. The relationship of TFH cells to the Th2 lineage was confirmed when TFH cells were found to develop from CXCR5\u2212 PD-1\u2212 IL-4\/GFP+ CD4+ T cells after their transfer into naive mice and antigen challenge in vivo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20090303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,11]],"date-time":"2009-05-11T14:43:39Z","timestamp":1242053019000},"page":"991-999","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":360,"title":["T follicular helper cells differentiate from Th2 cells in response to helminth antigens"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"206","author":[{"given":"Arielle Glatman","family":"Zaretsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin J.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irah L.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, NY 12983 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fraser A.","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Mohrs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, NY 12983 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Pearce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072919544744600_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.08.040190.001511","article-title":"Lymphokine control of in vivo immunoglobulin isotype selection","volume":"8","author":"Finkelman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Annu. 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