{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T09:31:55Z","timestamp":1791451915352,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"13","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Th2 cells drive protective immunity against most parasitic helminths, but few mechanisms have been demonstrated that facilitate pathogen clearance. We show that IL-4 and IL-13 protect against intestinal lumen-dwelling worms primarily by inducing intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to differentiate into goblet cells that secrete resistin-like molecule (RELM) \u03b2. RELM-\u03b2 is essential for normal spontaneous expulsion and IL-4\u2013induced expulsion of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Heligmosomoides polygyrus, which both live in the intestinal lumen, but it does not contribute to immunity against Trichinella spiralis, which lives within IEC. RELM-\u03b2 is nontoxic for H. polygyrus in vitro but directly inhibits the ability of worms to feed on host tissues during infection. This decreases H. polygyrus adenosine triphosphate content and fecundity. Importantly, RELM-\u03b2\u2013driven immunity does not require T or B cells, alternative macrophage activation, or increased gut permeability. Thus, we demonstrate a novel mechanism for host protection at the mucosal interface that explains how stimulation of epithelial cells by IL-4 and IL-13 contributes to protection against parasitic helminthes that dwell in the intestinal lumen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,8]],"date-time":"2009-12-08T05:29:43Z","timestamp":1260250183000},"page":"2947-2957","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":260,"title":["Intestinal epithelial cell secretion of RELM-\u03b2 protects against gastrointestinal worm infection"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"206","author":[{"given":"De'Broski R.","family":"Herbert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Service, Cincinnati Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45220 1"},{"name":"Division of Immunology 2 and 3"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 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