{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:29:09Z","timestamp":1791311349205,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells are required for lymph node formation during fetal development, and recent evidence implies a role in mucosal immunity in the adult. LTi cells share some phenotypic features of conventional natural killer (NK; cNK) cells; however, little is known to date about the relationship between these two cell types. We show that lineage\u2212 (Lin\u2212) CD127+RORC+ LTi-like cells in human tonsil are precursors to CD56+CD127+RORC+NKp46+ cells, which together comprise a stable RORC+ lineage. We find that LTi-like cells and their CD56+ progeny can be expanded and cloned ex vivo without loss of function and without conversion into cNK cells. Clonal analysis reveals heterogeneity of cytokine production within the CD127+ LTi-like population. Furthermore, we identify within the tonsil a cNK precursor population that is characterized as Lin\u2212CD117+CD161+CD127\u2212 cells. Overall, we propose that CD127+RORC+ cells, although they share some characteristics with cNK cells, represent a functionally and developmentally distinct lineage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,9]],"date-time":"2010-02-09T02:10:08Z","timestamp":1265681408000},"page":"281-290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":225,"title":["Human NKp44+IL-22+ cells and LTi-like cells constitute a stable RORC+ lineage distinct from conventional natural killer cells"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"207","author":[{"given":"Natasha K.","family":"Crellin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Trifari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles D.","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Cupedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hergen","family":"Spits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072917515018200_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1710","article-title":"IL-22 mediates mucosal host defense against Gram-negative bacterial pneumonia","volume":"14","author":"Aujla","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. 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