{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:35:10Z","timestamp":1791498910779,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"13","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>HIV-1 infection results in the progressive loss of CD4 T cells. In this study, we address how different pathogen-specific CD4 T cells are affected by HIV infection and the cellular parameters involved. We found striking differences in the depletion rates between CD4 T cells to two common opportunistic pathogens, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). CMV-specific CD4 T cells persisted after HIV infection, whereas MTB-specific CD4 T cells were depleted rapidly. CMV-specific CD4 T cells expressed a mature phenotype and produced very little IL-2, but large amounts of MIP-1\u03b2. In contrast, MTB-specific CD4 T cells were less mature, and most produced IL-2 but not MIP-1\u03b2. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B\u2013stimulated IL-2\u2013producing cells were more susceptible to HIV infection in vitro than MIP-1\u03b2\u2013producing cells. Moreover, IL-2 production was associated with expression of CD25, and neutralization of IL-2 completely abrogated productive HIV infection in vitro. HIV DNA was found to be most abundant in IL-2\u2013producing cells, and least abundant in MIP-1\u03b2\u2013producing MTB-specific CD4 T cells from HIV-infected subjects with active tuberculosis. These data support the hypothesis that differences in function affect the susceptibility of pathogen-specific CD4 T cells to HIV infection and depletion in vivo, providing a potential mechanism to explain the rapid loss of MTB-specific CD4 T cells after HIV infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20100090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,30]],"date-time":"2010-11-30T04:10:52Z","timestamp":1291090252000},"page":"2869-2881","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":218,"title":["Preferential infection and depletion of\n                    <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>\n                    \u2013specific CD4 T cells after HIV-1 infection"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"207","author":[{"given":"Christof","family":"Geldmacher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Laboratory 1 , 2 , and the 3"},{"name":"Immunotechnology Section 1 , 2 , and the 3"},{"name":"BSL-3 Core 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