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We found that XC chemokine receptor 1 (XCR1) is specifically expressed and active in mouse CD8\u03b1+, human BDCA3+, and sheep CD26+ DCs and is conserved across species. The mRNA encoding the XCR1 ligand chemokine (C motif) ligand 1 (XCL1) is selectively expressed in natural killer (NK) and CD8+ T lymphocytes at steady-state and is enhanced upon activation. Moreover, the Xcl1 mRNA is selectively expressed at high levels in central memory compared with naive CD8+ T lymphocytes. Finally, XCR1\u2212\/\u2212 mice have decreased early CD8+ T cell responses to Listeria monocytogenes infection, which is associated with higher bacterial loads early in infection. Therefore, XCR1 constitutes the first conserved specific marker for cell subsets homologous to mouse CD8\u03b1+ DCs in higher vertebrates and promotes their ability to activate early CD8+ T cell defenses against an intracellular pathogenic bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20100223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,17]],"date-time":"2010-05-17T23:25:35Z","timestamp":1274138735000},"page":"1283-1292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":615,"title":["The XC chemokine receptor 1 is a conserved selective marker of mammalian cells homologous to mouse CD8\u03b1+ dendritic cells"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"207","author":[{"given":"Karine","family":"Crozat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Universit\u00e9 de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, Parc scientifique et technologique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France 1"},{"name":"Institut 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