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Inhibition of this infiltration resulted in reduced survival of RGCs and diminished numbers of proliferating retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) in the ciliary body. Enhancement of the circulating monocyte pool led to increased RGC survival and RPC renewal. The infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages skewed the milieu of the injured retina toward an antiinflammatory and neuroprotective one and down-regulated accumulation of other immune cells, thereby resolving local inflammation. The beneficial effect on RGC survival depended on expression of interleukin 10 and major histocompatibility complex class II molecules by monocyte-derived macrophages. Thus, we attribute to infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages a novel role in neuroprotection and progenitor cell renewal in the injured retina, with far-reaching potential implications to retinal neuropathies and other neurodegenerative disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20101202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,10]],"date-time":"2011-01-10T23:07:09Z","timestamp":1294700829000},"page":"23-39","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":172,"title":["Neuroprotection and progenitor cell renewal in the injured adult murine retina requires healing monocyte-derived macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"208","author":[{"given":"Anat","family":"London","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology 1 and 2"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel 1 and 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Itskovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology 1 and 2"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel 1 and 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inbal","family":"Benhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology 1 and 2"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel 1 and 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vyacheslav","family":"Kalchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology 1 and 2"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel 1 and 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Mack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany 3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology 1 and 2"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel 1 and 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology 1 and 2"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel 1 and 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072522310234600_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.2473","article-title":"Identification of neural progenitors in the adult mammalian eye","volume":"270","author":"Ahmad","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem. 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