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WNV-infected IL-1R1\u2212\/\u2212 mice display intact adaptive immunity in the periphery but succumb to WNV infection caused by loss of virologic control in the CNS with depressed local Th1 cytokine responses, despite parenchymal entry of virus-specific CD8+ T cells. Ex vivo analysis of CD4+ T cells from WNV-infected CNS of IL-1R1\u2212\/\u2212 mice revealed impaired effector responses, whereas CD8+ T cells revealed no cell intrinsic defects in response to WNV antigen. WNV-infected, IL-1R1\u2212\/\u2212 mice also exhibited decreased activation of CNS CD11c+CD11b\u2212CD103+ and CD11c+CD11b\u2212CD8\u03b1+Dec-205+ cells with reduced up-regulation of the co-stimulatory molecules CD80, CD86, and CD68. Adoptive transfer of wild-type CD11c-EYFP+ cells from WNV-infected CNS into WNV-infected IL-1R1\u2212\/\u2212 mice trafficked into the CNS restored T cell functions and improved survival from otherwise lethal infection. These data indicate that IL-1R1 signaling promotes virologic control during WNV infection specifically within the CNS via modulation of CD11c+ cell\u2013mediated T cell reactivation at this site.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20121897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,5]],"date-time":"2013-03-05T06:11:17Z","timestamp":1362463877000},"page":"503-516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["IL-1R1 is required for dendritic cell\u2013mediated T cell reactivation within the CNS during West Nile virus encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"210","author":[{"given":"Douglas M.","family":"Durrant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine 1 , 2 , and 3"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology 1 , 2 , and 3"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 1 , 2 , and 3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle L.","family":"Robinette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine 1 , 2 , and 3"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology 1 , 2 , and 3"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 1 , 2 , and 3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn S.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine 1 , 2 , and 3"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology 1 , 2 , and 3"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 1 , 2 , and 3"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine 1 , 2 , and 3"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology 1 , 2 , and 3"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 1 , 2 , and 3"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine 1 , 2 , and 3"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology 1 , 2 , and 3"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 1 , 2 , and 3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072601222864800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200535342","article-title":"NK cell-mediated immunopathology during an acute viral infection of the CNS","volume":"36","author":"Alsharifi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. 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