{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T23:24:45Z","timestamp":1792452285541,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Eosinophils in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) have been implicated in metabolic homeostasis and the maintenance of alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs). The absence of eosinophils can lead to adiposity and systemic insulin resistance in experimental animals, but what maintains eosinophils in adipose tissue is unknown. We show that interleukin-5 (IL-5) deficiency profoundly impairs VAT eosinophil accumulation and results in increased adiposity and insulin resistance when animals are placed on a high-fat diet. Innate lymphoid type 2 cells (ILC2s) are resident in VAT and are the major source of IL-5 and IL-13, which promote the accumulation of eosinophils and AAM. Deletion of ILC2s causes significant reductions in VAT eosinophils and AAMs, and also impairs the expansion of VAT eosinophils after infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, an intestinal parasite associated with increased adipose ILC2 cytokine production and enhanced insulin sensitivity. Further, IL-33, a cytokine previously shown to promote cytokine production by ILC2s, leads to rapid ILC2-dependent increases in VAT eosinophils and AAMs. Thus, ILC2s are resident in VAT and promote eosinophils and AAM implicated in metabolic homeostasis, and this axis is enhanced during Th2-associated immune stimulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20121964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,19]],"date-time":"2013-02-19T08:35:28Z","timestamp":1361262928000},"page":"535-549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":853,"title":["Innate lymphoid type 2 cells sustain visceral adipose tissue eosinophils and alternatively activated macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"210","author":[{"given":"Ari B.","family":"Molofsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Laboratory Medicine 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Pediatrics 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Laboratory Medicine 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Pediatrics 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse C.","family":"Nussbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Laboratory Medicine 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Pediatrics 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Laboratory Medicine 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Pediatrics 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Erh","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Laboratory Medicine 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Pediatrics 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven J.","family":"Van Dyken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Laboratory Medicine 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Pediatrics 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Laboratory Medicine 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Pediatrics 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence E.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Laboratory Medicine 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Pediatrics 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Mohapatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Laboratory Medicine 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Pediatrics 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay","family":"Chawla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Laboratory Medicine 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Pediatrics 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Laboratory Medicine 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Pediatrics 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard M.","family":"Locksley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Laboratory Medicine 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Pediatrics 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Laboratory Medicine 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Pediatrics 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Laboratory Medicine 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Pediatrics 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"},{"name":"Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102832","article-title":"IL-33-responsive lineage- CD25+ CD44(hi) lymphoid cells mediate innate type 2 immunity and allergic inflammation in the lungs","volume":"188","author":"Bartemes","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)01003-1","article-title":"Biology of the eosinophil","volume":"101","author":"Blanchard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv. Immunol."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5795","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102242","article-title":"Lineage(-)Sca1+c-Kit(-)CD25+ cells are IL-33-responsive type 2 innate cells in the mouse bone marrow","volume":"187","author":"Brickshawana","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2011.01306.x","article-title":"Interleukin-33 prolongs allograft survival during chronic cardiac rejection","volume":"24","author":"Brunner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transpl. Int."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2045","article-title":"Innate lymphoid cells mediate influenza-induced airway hyper-reactivity independently of adaptive immunity","volume":"12","author":"Chang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3071","article-title":"Macrophage-mediated inflammation in metabolic disease","volume":"11","author":"Chawla","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2628","article-title":"An essential role for TH2-type responses in limiting acute tissue damage during experimental helminth infection","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2002","article-title":"Lean, but not obese, fat is enriched for a unique population of regulatory T cells that affect metabolic parameters","volume":"15","author":"Feuerer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(01)00243-6","article-title":"IL-25 induces IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 and Th2-associated pathologies in vivo","volume":"15","author":"Fort","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.1.195","article-title":"Interleukin 5 deficiency abolishes eosinophilia, airways hyperreactivity, and lung damage in a mouse asthma model","volume":"183","author":"Foster","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.12.020","article-title":"Lung natural helper cells are a critical source of Th2 cell-type cytokines in protease allergen-induced airway inflammation","volume":"36","author":"Halim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.190.10.1541","article-title":"The absence of interleukin 1 receptor-related T1\/ST2 does not affect T helper cell type 2 development and its effector function","volume":"190","author":"Hoshino","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.06.020","article-title":"The transcription factor GATA-3 controls cell fate and maintenance of type 2 innate lymphoid cells","volume":"37","author":"Hoyler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.1.443","article-title":"New IL-17 family members promote Th1 or Th2 responses in the lung: in vivo function of the novel cytokine IL-25","volume":"169","author":"Hurst","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101270","article-title":"Identification of innate IL-5-producing cells and their role in lung eosinophil regulation and antitumor immunity","volume":"188","author":"Ikutani","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13561","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.350066","article-title":"Activation of natural killer T cells promotes M2 Macrophage polarization in adipose tissue and improves systemic glucose tolerance via interleukin-4 (IL-4)\/STAT6 protein signaling axis in obesity","volume":"287","author":"Ji","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24378","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.371807","article-title":"Short term high fat diet challenge promotes alternative macrophage polarization in adipose tissue via natural killer T cells and interleukin-4","volume":"287","author":"Ji","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2008.04.002","article-title":"Adipocyte-derived Th2 cytokines and myeloid PPARdelta regulate macrophage polarization and insulin sensitivity","volume":"7","author":"Kang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80439-2","article-title":"Stat6 is required for mediating responses to IL-4 and for development of Th2 cells","volume":"4","author":"Kaplan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201142018","article-title":"Pulmonary innate lymphoid cells are major producers of IL-5 and IL-13 in murine models of allergic asthma","volume":"42","author":"Klein Wolterink","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80294-0","article-title":"IL-5-deficient mice have a developmental defect in CD5+ B-1 cells and lack eosinophilia but have normal antibody and cytotoxic T cell responses","volume":"4","author":"Kopf","year":"1996","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2182","article-title":"Divergent expression patterns of IL-4 and IL-13 define unique functions in allergic immunity","volume":"13","author":"Liang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40351","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040351","article-title":"Interleukin-7 regulates adipose tissue mass and insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet-fed mice through lymphocyte-dependent and independent mechanisms","volume":"7","author":"Lucas","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.06.016","article-title":"Adipose tissue invariant NKT cells protect against diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorder through regulatory cytokine production","volume":"37","author":"Lynch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2467","article-title":"A robust and high-throughput Cre reporting and characterization system for the whole mouse brain","volume":"13","author":"Madisen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132532","article-title":"Alternative activation of macrophages: an immunologic functional perspective","volume":"27","author":"Martinez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.10.1565","article-title":"Simultaneous disruption of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 defines individual roles in T helper cell type 2\u2013mediated responses","volume":"189","author":"McKenzie","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.218867","article-title":"Interleukin-33 induces protective effects in adipose tissue inflammation during obesity in mice","volume":"107","author":"Miller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI6560","article-title":"Fundamental signals that regulate eosinophil homing to the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"103","author":"Mishra","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2104","article-title":"Human IL-25- and IL-33-responsive type 2 innate lymphoid cells are defined by expression of CRTH2 and CD161","volume":"12","author":"Mj\u00f6sberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(01)00186-8","article-title":"Analysis of type 2 immunity in vivo with a bicistronic IL-4 reporter","volume":"15","author":"Mohrs","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.09.006","article-title":"A two-step process for cytokine production revealed by IL-4 dual-reporter mice","volume":"23","author":"Mohrs","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90030-G","article-title":"RAG-1-deficient mice have no mature B and T lymphocytes","volume":"68","author":"Mombaerts","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2131","article-title":"Innate lymphoid cells promote lung-tissue homeostasis after infection with influenza virus","volume":"12","author":"Monticelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08636","article-title":"Innate production of T(H)2 cytokines by adipose tissue-associated c-Kit(+)Sca-1(+) lymphoid cells","volume":"463","author":"Moro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119234","article-title":"Relationship between interleukin-5 and eotaxin in regulating blood and tissue eosinophilia in mice","volume":"99","author":"Mould","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08900","article-title":"Nuocytes represent a new innate effector leukocyte that mediates type-2 immunity","volume":"464","author":"Neill","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10653","article-title":"Alternatively activated macrophages produce catecholamines to sustain adaptive thermogenesis","volume":"480","author":"Nguyen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.5.1955","article-title":"Early lymphocyte expansion is severely impaired in interleukin 7 receptor-deficient mice","volume":"180","author":"Peschon","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11489","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1003988107","article-title":"Systemically dispersed innate IL-13-expressing cells in type 2 immunity","volume":"107","author":"Price","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05746","article-title":"Chitin induces accumulation in tissue of innate immune cells associated with allergy","volume":"447","author":"Reese","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22617","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1009152108","article-title":"IL-4\/STAT6 immune axis regulates peripheral nutrient metabolism and insulin sensitivity","volume":"107","author":"Ricardo-Gonzalez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.24.021605.090720","article-title":"The eosinophil","volume":"24","author":"Rothenberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2012.05.011","article-title":"Adipose tissue-resident immune cells: key players in immunometabolism","volume":"23","author":"Schipper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.09.015","article-title":"IL-33, an interleukin-1-like cytokine that signals via the IL-1 receptor-related protein ST2 and induces T helper type 2-associated cytokines","volume":"23","author":"Schmitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1962","article-title":"The expanding family of innate lymphoid cells: regulators and effectors of immunity and tissue remodeling","volume":"12","author":"Spits","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20110584","article-title":"Thymic stromal lymphopoietin: an immune cytokine gene associated with the metabolic syndrome and blood pressure in severe obesity","volume":"123","author":"Turcot","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4598","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100519","article-title":"IL-33 expands suppressive CD11b+ Gr-1(int) and regulatory T cells, including ST2L+ Foxp3+ cells, and mediates regulatory T cell-dependent promotion of cardiac allograft survival","volume":"187","author":"Turnquist","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1280","article-title":"Eotaxin and obesity","volume":"91","author":"Vasudevan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20052448","article-title":"Type 2 immunity is controlled by IL-4\/IL-13 expression in hematopoietic non-eosinophil cells of the innate immune system","volume":"203","author":"Voehringer","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1106686","article-title":"Eosinophils develop in distinct stages and are recruited to peripheral sites by alternatively activated macrophages","volume":"81","author":"Voehringer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4742","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.7.4742","article-title":"Homeostasis and effector function of lymphopenia-induced \u201cmemory-like\u201d T cells in constitutively T cell-depleted mice","volume":"180","author":"Voehringer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1201475","article-title":"Eosinophils sustain adipose alternatively activated macrophages associated with glucose homeostasis","volume":"332","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20020656","article-title":"Targeted deletion of a high-affinity GATA-binding site in the GATA-1 promoter leads to selective loss of the eosinophil lineage in vivo","volume":"195","author":"Yu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2023072601260963500_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeyda\n              M.\n            , WernlyB., DemyanetsS., KaunC., H\u00e4mmerleM., HantuschB., SchranzM., NeuhoferA., ItariuB.K., KeckM.. 2012. Severe obesity increases adipose tissue expression of interleukin-33 and its receptor ST2, both predominantly detectable in endothelial cells of human adipose tissue. Int J Obes (Lond). Epub before print. http:\/\/www.nature.com\/ijo\/journal\/vaop\/ncurrent\/full\/ijo2012118a.html.","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2012.118"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article-pdf\/210\/3\/535\/1746298\/jem_20121964.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article-pdf\/210\/3\/535\/1746298\/jem_20121964.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T21:26:57Z","timestamp":1690320417000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article\/210\/3\/535\/41401\/Innate-lymphoid-type-2-cells-sustain-visceral"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,18]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20121964","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.717999304.793474641","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1540-9538","0022-1007"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1540-9538","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0022-1007","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,18]]}}}