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Although SPIR is an aldosterone antagonist, its antitumor effects are independent of the mineralocorticoid receptor pathway. By screening the human nuclear hormone receptor siRNA library, we identified retinoid X receptor \u03b3 (RXR\u03b3) instead as being indispensable for the antitumor functions of SPIR. Collectively, our results strongly support the use of SPIR or other RXR\u03b3 agonists with minimal side effects for colon cancer prevention and therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20122292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,5]],"date-time":"2013-11-05T04:06:15Z","timestamp":1383624375000},"page":"2675-2692","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Modulation of NKG2D ligand expression and metastasis in tumors by spironolactone via RXR\u03b3 activation"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"210","author":[{"given":"Wai-Hang","family":"Leung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy 1 ; 2 ; and 3"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics 1 ; 2 ; and 3"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105 1 ; 2 ; and 3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Queenie P.","family":"Vong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy 1 ; 2 ; and 3"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics 1 ; 2 ; and 3"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105 1 ; 2 ; and 3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenwei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy 1 ; 2 ; and 3"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics 1 ; 2 ; and 3"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105 1 ; 2 ; and 3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Janke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy 1 ; 2 ; and 3"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics 1 ; 2 ; and 3"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105 1 ; 2 ; and 3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taosheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy 1 ; 2 ; and 3"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics 1 ; 2 ; and 3"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105 1 ; 2 ; and 3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wing","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy 1 ; 2 ; and 3"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics 1 ; 2 ; and 3"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105 1 ; 2 ; and 3"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee 37996 4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072601260456000_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/83.11.775","article-title":"Tumor cell invasion inhibited by TIMP-2","volume":"83","author":"Albini","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. 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